< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Reanalyzed from the present stem of *žuti +‎ *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-.

Verb

*žьvàti impf[1][2][3]

  1. Alternative form of *žuti (“to chew”)
    Synonyms: *ďubati, *zobati

Inflection
Conjugation of *žьvati, *žьva, *žujetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žьvanьje *žьvati *žьvatъ *žьvalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žьvanъ *žujemъ
Active *žьvavъ *žuję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žьvaxъ*žьva*žьva *žujǫ*žuješi*žujetь
Dual *žьvaxově*žьvasta*žьvaste *žujevě*žujeta*žujete
Plural *žьvaxomъ*žьvaste*žьvašę *žujemъ*žujete*žujǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьvaaxъ*žьvaaše*žьvaaše —*žuji*žuji
Dual *žьvaaxově*žьvaašeta*žьvaašete *žujivě*žujita—
Plural *žьvaaxomъ*žьvaašete*žьvaaxǫ *žujimъ*žujite—

Intensive form: *živati

Derived terms
  • *perživati (“to rechew”)
  • *žьvanь (“smacking, slurping (noisy eating); mumbling”)
  • *žьvàdla (“bit (of horse' bridle)”)
    • *žьvadliti (“to gnaw, to grasp with teeth”)
  • *žьvaka, *žьvęka (“chewing gum”)
    • *žьvakati, *žьvačiti (“to chew”)
      • South Slavic:
        • Bulgarian: жва́кам (žvákam), жва́ча (žváča)
        • Macedonian: жвака (žvaka), џвака (džvaka)
      • West Slavic:
    • *žьvękati, *žьvęčiti (“to chew”)
      • South Slavic:
  • *žuti (“to chew”)
  • *gъvakati, *gъvъkati, *gъvъčiti (“to chew, to munch”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: жава́ць (žavácʹ)
    • Russian: жева́ть (ževátʹ), colloquially: жува́ть (žuvátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: жува́ти (žuváty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      • Old Church Slavonic: жьвати (žĭvati) (Serbian rendition)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: žváti
    • Polabian: zåvat
    • Old Polish: żwać
    • Slovak: žuť (merged with reflexes of *žuti)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: žwać
      • Lower Sorbian: žuś (merged with reflexes of *žuti)

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жевать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жвакам, жвача”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 526
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гвакам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 234
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дъвча, дъвкам, дъвкотя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 453

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žьvàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 567: “v. (c) ‘chew’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “žьvati: žujǫ žujetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tygge (SA 204, 207, 236, 238; PR 139)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “žvẹčiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*žьváti”
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