< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *sǫdì +‎ *-iti.

Accentological notes

According to the Moscow Accentological School, the length of the vowel in the infinitive was restored from the present. The old condition is reflected in the Slovincian, for example: inf. sãdzëc (short), pres. sõdzysz (long) vs. Czech inf. soudit (long), pres. soudíš (long). A Slovincian material is confirmed by the stress of an Middle Bulgarian monuments: inf. сѫди́ти, pres. сѫ́диши.

Rick Derksen, on the contrary, reconstructs a length of a vowel.

Verb

*sǫdìti or *sǭdìti impf[1]

  1. to judge

Inflection
Conjugation of *sǫditi, *sǫdi, *sǫditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*sǫďenьje *sǫditi *sǫditъ *sǫdilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *sǫďenъ *sǫdimъ
Active *sǫďь *sǫdę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *sǫdixъ*sǫdi*sǫdi *sǫďǫ*sǫdiši*sǫditь
Dual *sǫdixově*sǫdista*sǫdiste *sǫdivě*sǫdita*sǫdite
Plural *sǫdixomъ*sǫdiste*sǫdišę *sǫdimъ*sǫdite*sǫdętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *sǫďaaxъ*sǫďaaše*sǫďaaše —*sǫdi*sǫdi
Dual *sǫďaaxově*sǫďaašeta*sǫďaašete *sǫdivě*sǫdita—
Plural *sǫďaaxomъ*sǫďaašete*sǫďaaxǫ *sǫdimъ*sǫdite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*sǫdivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: сѫди́ти (sǫdíti)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: сѫдити (sǫditi)
      Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰴⰺⱅⰺ (sǫditi)
    • Bulgarian: съ́дя (sǎ́dja)
    • Macedonian: суди (sudi)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: су́дити
      Latin script: súditi
    • Slovene: sọ́diti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: súditi
    • Old Polish: sędzić
      • Masurian: sóndżicz
      • Polish: sądzić
      • Silesian: sōndzić
    • Slovak: súdiť
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: sãdzëc
      • Slovincian: sãdzëc
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: sudźić
      • Lower Sorbian: suźiś

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “суди́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “суд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 216

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 463
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