< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stojiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Denominal from Proto-Slavic *stojь + *-iti.

The South Slavic descendants are used in parallel to the imperfective Proto-Slavic *stojati to denote punctual events. The East Slavic forms have been reinterpreted as imperfective around 18 cent., probably under the influence of Polish stać (“to cost, to be worth”), a calque of German kosten.

Verb

*stojiti pf (imperfective *stojati)

  1. (intransitive) to transpire, to take place/effect
  2. (transitive) to adjust, to bring in position
  3. (reflexive) to bring oneself under some condition

Conjugation
Conjugation of *stojiti, *stoji, *stojitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*stojenьje *stojiti *stojitъ *stojilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *stojenъ —
Active *stojь —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *stojixъ*stoji*stoji *stojǫ*stojiši*stojitь
Dual *stojixově*stojista*stojiste *stojivě*stojita*stojite
Plural *stojixomъ*stojiste*stojišę *stojimъ*stojite*stojętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*stoji*stoji
Dual ——— *stojivě*stojita—
Plural ——— *stojimъ*stojite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*stojivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Later:

Conjugation of *stojiti, *stoji, *stojitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*stojenьje *stojiti *stojitъ *stojilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *stojenъ *stojimъ
Active *stojь *stoję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *stojixъ*stoji*stoji *stojǫ*stojiši*stojitь
Dual *stojixově*stojista*stojiste *stojivě*stojita*stojite
Plural *stojixomъ*stojiste*stojišę *stojimъ*stojite*stojętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *stojaaxъ*stojaaše*stojaaše —*stoji*stoji
Dual *stojaaxově*stojaašeta*stojaašete *stojivě*stojita—
Plural *stojaaxomъ*stojaašete*stojaaxǫ *stojimъ*stojite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*stojivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-‎ (0 c, 12 e)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: сто́ить (stóitʹ, “to cost, to be worth”)
    • Ukrainian: сто́ïти (stóïty, “to cost, to be worth”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá), сто́вам (stóvam, “to get involved, to become”) (rare, dialectal)
      • ⇒ Bulgarian: съ́стоя (sǎ́stoja, “to take place”), застоя́ (zastojá, “to fixate, to immobilize”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: стоити (rare)
      Latin script: stojiti (rare)

Further reading
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “стоить”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
  • Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стоя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 480
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