Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ārï

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative Reconstruction

*(h)ārgï (per Räsänen)

Etymology

Räsänen reconstructs this root as *hārγï, which is then compared with Finnish paarma (“horsefly, gadfly”).

Chuvash and Kipchak languages at large seem to have adopted the compound *bạl *kūrtnï (“honey worm”) instead of *ārï.

Noun

*ārï

bee, wasp

Declension

Declension of *ārï

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*ārï
Accusative	ārïnï, ārïg ⁴⁾, *ārïnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*ārïnïŋ
Dative	*ārïka
Locative	*ārïda
Ablative	*ārïdan
Allative	*ārïgaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*ārïn
Equative ²⁾	*ārïča
Similative ²⁾	*ārïlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*ārïlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Oghur:
- ⇒ Chuvash: тӗкӗлтура (tĕk̬ĕlt̬ura, “humble bee”)

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hârı
Oghuz:
- Azerbaijani: arı
- Ottoman Turkish: آری (arı)
  - → Crimean Tatar: arı
  - Turkish: arı
- Gagauz: arı
- Turkmen: ary
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (arı)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (arı)
    - Uzbek: ari
    - Uyghur: ھەرە (here)
Kipchak: [script needed] (aru)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: ара (ara)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: аары (aarı)
    - Southern Altai: адару (adaru), аару (aaru)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: ʾʾry (arı)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: ыҥырыа (ıñırıa)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: аар (aar)
    - Shor: аары (ārı)
  - Tofa: ары (arı)
  - Tuvan: ары (arı)
    - Kuu-Kizhi: ару (aru)
    - Kumandy-Kizhi: аары (aarı)


dog: *ït	hunting dog: *eker	hen: *tiakïgu
lark: *torgay	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	quail: *bïldurčïn
sparrow: *serče	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	goose: *kāŕ
wolf: *bȫrü	cow: *ingek	calf: *buŕagu
camel: *tebe	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	horse: *at
foal: *kulun	worm: *kūrt	snake: *yï̄lan
fox: *tilkü	goat: *keči	he-goat: *teke
lion: *arsïlan	fish: *bālïk	carp bream: *čapak
donkey: *eĺčgek	carp: *siāŕgan	catfish: *yāyïn
beaver: *kunduŕ	hedgehog: *kirpi	badger: *borsmuk
fly, mosquito: *siŋek	wasp, bee: *ārï	gadfly: *bȫgen
moth: *küńe	louse: *bït	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
yak: *kotuz	colt: *sïp	dragon: *siāŕgan
worm: *kūrt	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “arı:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 196, 197
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 25, 26
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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