Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bifurhtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *bi- +‎ *furhtijan.

Verb

*bifurhtijan

to fear (something)
to be afraid of
To frighten

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*bifurhtijan
1st sg. past	*bifurhtidā
Infinitive	*bifurhtijan
Genitive infin.	*bifurhtijannjas
Dative infin.	*bifurhtijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*bifurhtijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*bifurhtiju	*bifurhtidā
2nd singular	*bifurhtisi	bifurhtidēs, bifurhtidōs
3rd singular	*bifurhtiþi	bifurhtidē, bifurhtidā
1st plural	*bifurhtijum	*bifurhtidum
2nd plural	*bifurhtiþ	*bifurhtidud
3rd plural	*bifurhtijanþ	*bifurhtidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*bifurhtijē	*bifurhtidī
2nd singular	*bifurhtijēs	*bifurhtidī
3rd singular	*bifurhtijē	*bifurhtidī
1st plural	*bifurhtijēm	*bifurhtidīm
2nd plural	*bifurhtijēþ	*bifurhtidīd
3rd plural	*bifurhtijēn	*bifurhtidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*bifurhti
Plural	*bifurhtiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*bifurhtijandī	*bifurhtid

Related terms

*bifurhtōn

Descendants

Old English: befyrhtan
- Middle English: befrighten
  - English: befright
Old Saxon: biforhtian
- Middle Low German: bevrüchten
Old High German: biforhten
- Middle High German: befürhten, bevürhten
  - German: befürchten

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