Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/iʀ

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

Pronoun

*iʀ[1]

he, it

Inflection

Declension of *iʀ (irregular)

Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*iʀ	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*it	*sī/si(j)u
Accusative	*inā	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*it	*sī/si(j)u
Genitive	*es	*eʀō	*eʀu	*eʀō	*es	*eʀō
Dative	*imai?	*im	*eʀu(i?)	*im	*imai?	*im
Instrumental	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?

Descendants

Old English: ī- (“self; same”, prefix)
Old Frisian: -er, -ere
- Saterland Frisian: er
- West Frisian: er
Old High German: ēr
- Middle High German: ër
  - Alemannic German: er, är, aer, er, ër
    - Swabian: er, ear
  - Bavarian: er
    - Cimbrian: èar, ar; er
    - Mòcheno: er
  - Central Franconian: er
    - Hunsrik: er, ëyer
  - East Central German: er, ar, ea
  - German: er
  - East Franconian: er, ea, ar
  - Rhine Franconian: er, ér, éa
    - Pennsylvania German: er
  - Yiddish: ער (er)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 124: “*iz”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 124: “*iz”