Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kiʀn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly cognate with Irish giúis, Scottish Gaelic giuthas (“spruce”).

Noun

*kiʀn m[1]

resinous pine wood which was used for torches

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kiʀn
Genitive	*kiʀnas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kiʀn	kiʀnō, kiʀnōs
Accusative	*kiʀn	*kiʀnā
Genitive	*kiʀnas	*kiʀnō
Dative	*kiʀnē	*kiʀnum
Instrumental	*kiʀnu	*kiʀnum

Descendants

Old English: ċēn
Old Frisian: *kēn, *kin
- Saterland Frisian: Käin
- ⇒ West Frisian: kynbeam
- ⇒ West Frisian: kynhout
Old Saxon: *kin, *kēn
- Middle Low German: kên, kin
  - Low German: keen
Old Dutch: *kien
- Middle Dutch: kien, kiene
  - Dutch: kien
    - ⇒ Dutch: kienhout
    - ⇒ Dutch: kienspaan
    - ⇒ Dutch: Kinrooi (placename)
Old High German: kēn, kien, chien
- Middle High German: kien
  - German: Kien

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 206: “PWGmc *kēn”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 206: “PWGmc *kēn”