< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mangijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mangijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *monk-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to press, knead”). Cognate with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead”), and possibly Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”).

Verb

*mangijan[1]

  1. to mix

Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *mangijan
1st sg. past *mangidā
Infinitive *mangijan
Genitive infin. *mangijannjas
Dative infin. *mangijannjē
Instrum. infin. *mangijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *mangiju *mangidā
2nd singular *mangisi *mangidēs, *mangidōs
3rd singular *mangiþi *mangidē, *mangidā
1st plural *mangijum *mangidum
2nd plural *mangiþ *mangidud
3rd plural *mangijanþ *mangidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *mangijē *mangidī
2nd singular *mangijēs *mangidī
3rd singular *mangijē *mangidī
1st plural *mangijēm *mangidīm
2nd plural *mangijēþ *mangidīd
3rd plural *mangijēn *mangidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *mangi
Plural *mangiþ
Present Past
Participle *mangijandī *mangid

Descendants
  • Old English: menġan, mænġan, menċġan
    • Middle English: mengen
  • Old Frisian: menga, mengia, mendza, mendzia
  • Old Saxon: mengian
  • Old Dutch: *mengen
  • Old High German: mengen

References
  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 4: “PWGmc *mangijan”
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