Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swindan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swindaną.

Verb

*swindan[1]

to diminish, to dwindle

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*swindan
1st sg. past	*swand
3rd pl. past	*swundun
Past ptcple	*swundan
Infinitive	*swindan
Genitive infin.	*swindannjas
Dative infin.	*swindannjē
Instrum. infin.	*swindannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*swindu	*swand
2nd singular	*swindiʀi	*swundī
3rd singular	*swindidi	*swand
1st plural	*swindum	*swundum
2nd plural	*swindid	*swundud
3rd plural	*swindand	*swundun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*swindē	*swundī
2nd singular	*swindēs	*swundī
3rd singular	*swindē	*swundī
1st plural	*swindēm	*swundīm
2nd plural	*swindēþ	*swundīd
3rd plural	*swindēn	*swundīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*swind
Plural	*swindid
	Present	Past
Participle	*swindandī	*swundan

Derived terms

*swindilōn

Descendants

Old English: swindan
- Middle English: swinden, swynden
Old Frisian: *swinda
- Saterland Frisian: swiende
- West Frisian: swine
Old Saxon: swindan
- Middle Low German: swinden
  - German Low German: swinnen
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: svinne
  - → Norwegian Nynorsk: svinne, svinna
  - → Old Swedish: svinda, svinna
    - Swedish: svinna
  - → Danish: svinde
Old Dutch: *swindan
- Middle Dutch: swinden
  - Dutch: zwinden
Old High German: swintan
- Middle High German: swinden
  - German: schwinden

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*swindan”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*swindan”