< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wraiþijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wraiþijaną. Equivalent to *wraiþ (“twisted, angry, cruel”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*wraiþijan

  1. to anger
  2. to curl

Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *wraiþijan
1st sg. past *wraiþidā
Infinitive *wraiþijan
Genitive infin. *wraiþijannjas
Dative infin. *wraiþijannjē
Instrum. infin. *wraiþijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *wraiþiju *wraiþidā
2nd singular *wraiþisi *wraiþidēs, *wraiþidōs
3rd singular *wraiþiþi *wraiþidē, *wraiþidā
1st plural *wraiþijum *wraiþidum
2nd plural *wraiþiþ *wraiþidud
3rd plural *wraiþijanþ *wraiþidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *wraiþijē *wraiþidī
2nd singular *wraiþijēs *wraiþidī
3rd singular *wraiþijē *wraiþidī
1st plural *wraiþijēm *wraiþidīm
2nd plural *wraiþijēþ *wraiþidīd
3rd plural *wraiþijēn *wraiþidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *wraiþi
Plural *wraiþiþ
Present Past
Participle *wraiþijandī *wraiþid

Descendants
  • Old English: wrǣþan
    • Middle English: wrethen
  • Old Saxon: wrēthian
    • Middle Low German: wrêden, wreiden
  • Old Dutch: *wrēthen, *wreithen
    • Middle Dutch: wrêden
  • Old High German: reiden
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