asagúsi
Old Irish
Etymology
From ess- + Proto-Celtic *guseti (compare do·goa), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-. The prefix is often replaced with ad-.
The derivation is very complicated. The following account of how the -si suffix appeared in Old Irish is implied by KPV:[1]
- The expected present forms would include asa·gú throughout the singular. This made all three persons in the singular identical in form (a situation unusual in Old Irish verbs), leading to multiple strategies arising to distinguish the third-person singular from the other persons. This included adding notae augentes particles to the end of the conjugated verb (like -si), and forming a new weak A II denominative verb from a hypothetical *-tis noun relative *gustis. The two strategies would hybridize to create the weak present as(a)·gúsi.
- The future forms are analogical after gníid (“to do”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /asaˈɡuːsʲi/
Conjugation
Complex, class A II present, reduplicated preterite, a future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ad·gúisiu, asa·gússim | ad·gúsi, asa·gúsi | assa·gússem | assa·gúiset, ad·gúset | ||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ad·gústis | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ata·gegai (with infixed pronoun da-); at·gege (with infixed pronoun d-) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | as·ruguset | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | at·gegainn (with infixed pronoun d-) | at·gegmais (with infixed pronoun d-) | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | asa·gú | ad·goa | assa·gúsea; ad·gó, ad·gúa; at·gó (with infixed pronoun d-) | as·ggustae | ||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | aicsu | ||||||||
| Past participle | ecguiste | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| asa·gúsi | asa·gúsi pronounced with /-ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
asa·ngúsi |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 356-361
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “asa·gú(si)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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