ayina
Laz
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ʔajiːna/
Inflection
| Tone H | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | uku-ayina | ||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| Infinitive | uku-ayina | ukunga-ayini | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
| Singular | ayina | -ayine | |||||||
| Plural | ayinani | -ayineni | |||||||
| Present | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiya-ayina, ngi-ayina | engi-ayinayo, engi-ayina | ngi-ayina | angi-ayini | enginga-ayini | nginga-ayini | |||
| 2nd singular | uya-ayina, u-ayina | o-ayinayo, o-ayina | u-ayina | awu-ayini | onga-ayini | unga-ayini | |||
| 1st plural | siya-ayina, si-ayina | esi-ayinayo, esi-ayina | si-ayina | asi-ayini | esinga-ayini | singa-ayini | |||
| 2nd plural | niya-ayina, ni-ayina | eni-ayinayo, eni-ayina | ni-ayina | ani-ayini | eninga-ayini | ninga-ayini | |||
| Class 1 | uya-ayina, u-ayina | o-ayinayo, o-ayina | e-ayina | aka-ayini | onga-ayini | enga-ayini | |||
| Class 2 | baya-ayina, ba-ayina | aba-ayinayo, aba-ayina | be-ayina | aba-ayini | abanga-ayini | benga-ayini | |||
| Class 3 | uya-ayina, u-ayina | o-ayinayo, o-ayina | u-ayina | awu-ayini | onga-ayini | unga-ayini | |||
| Class 4 | iya-ayina, i-ayina | e-ayinayo, e-ayina | i-ayina | ayi-ayini | enga-ayini | inga-ayini | |||
| Class 5 | liya-ayina, li-ayina | eli-ayinayo, eli-ayina | li-ayina | ali-ayini | elinga-ayini | linga-ayini | |||
| Class 6 | aya-ayina, a-ayina | a-ayinayo, a-ayina | e-ayina | awa-ayini | anga-ayini | enga-ayini | |||
| Class 7 | siya-ayina, si-ayina | esi-ayinayo, esi-ayina | si-ayina | asi-ayini | esinga-ayini | singa-ayini | |||
| Class 8 | ziya-ayina, zi-ayina | ezi-ayinayo, ezi-ayina | zi-ayina | azi-ayini | ezinga-ayini | zinga-ayini | |||
| Class 9 | iya-ayina, i-ayina | e-ayinayo, e-ayina | i-ayina | ayi-ayini | enga-ayini | inga-ayini | |||
| Class 10 | ziya-ayina, zi-ayina | ezi-ayinayo, ezi-ayina | zi-ayina | azi-ayini | ezinga-ayini | zinga-ayini | |||
| Class 11 | luya-ayina, lu-ayina | olu-ayinayo, olu-ayina | lu-ayina | alu-ayini | olunga-ayini | lunga-ayini | |||
| Class 14 | buya-ayina, bu-ayina | obu-ayinayo, obu-ayina | bu-ayina | abu-ayini | obunga-ayini | bunga-ayini | |||
| Class 15 | kuya-ayina, ku-ayina | oku-ayinayo, oku-ayina | ku-ayina | aku-ayini | okunga-ayini | kunga-ayini | |||
| Class 17 | kuya-ayina, ku-ayina | oku-ayinayo, oku-ayina | ku-ayina | aku-ayini | okunga-ayini | kunga-ayini | |||
| Recent past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngi-ayinile, ngi-ayinē | engi-ayinile, engi-ayinē | ngi-ayinile, ngi-ayinē | angi-ayinanga | enginga-ayinanga | nginga-ayinanga | |||
| 2nd singular | u-ayinile, u-ayinē | o-ayinile, o-ayinē | u-ayinile, u-ayinē | awu-ayinanga | onga-ayinanga | unga-ayinanga | |||
| 1st plural | si-ayinile, si-ayinē | esi-ayinile, esi-ayinē | si-ayinile, si-ayinē | asi-ayinanga | esinga-ayinanga | singa-ayinanga | |||
| 2nd plural | ni-ayinile, ni-ayinē | eni-ayinile, eni-ayinē | ni-ayinile, ni-ayinē | ani-ayinanga | eninga-ayinanga | ninga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 1 | u-ayinile, u-ayinē | o-ayinile, o-ayinē | e-ayinile, e-ayinē | aka-ayinanga | onga-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 2 | ba-ayinile, ba-ayinē | aba-ayinile, aba-ayinē | be-ayinile, be-ayinē | aba-ayinanga | abanga-ayinanga | benga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 3 | u-ayinile, u-ayinē | o-ayinile, o-ayinē | u-ayinile, u-ayinē | awu-ayinanga | onga-ayinanga | unga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 4 | i-ayinile, i-ayinē | e-ayinile, e-ayinē | i-ayinile, i-ayinē | ayi-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | inga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 5 | li-ayinile, li-ayinē | eli-ayinile, eli-ayinē | li-ayinile, li-ayinē | ali-ayinanga | elinga-ayinanga | linga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 6 | a-ayinile, a-ayinē | a-ayinile, a-ayinē | e-ayinile, e-ayinē | awa-ayinanga | anga-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 7 | si-ayinile, si-ayinē | esi-ayinile, esi-ayinē | si-ayinile, si-ayinē | asi-ayinanga | esinga-ayinanga | singa-ayinanga | |||
| Class 8 | zi-ayinile, zi-ayinē | ezi-ayinile, ezi-ayinē | zi-ayinile, zi-ayinē | azi-ayinanga | ezinga-ayinanga | zinga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 9 | i-ayinile, i-ayinē | e-ayinile, e-ayinē | i-ayinile, i-ayinē | ayi-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | inga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 10 | zi-ayinile, zi-ayinē | ezi-ayinile, ezi-ayinē | zi-ayinile, zi-ayinē | azi-ayinanga | ezinga-ayinanga | zinga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 11 | lu-ayinile, lu-ayinē | olu-ayinile, olu-ayinē | lu-ayinile, lu-ayinē | alu-ayinanga | olunga-ayinanga | lunga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 14 | bu-ayinile, bu-ayinē | obu-ayinile, obu-ayinē | bu-ayinile, bu-ayinē | abu-ayinanga | obunga-ayinanga | bunga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 15 | ku-ayinile, ku-ayinē | oku-ayinile, oku-ayinē | ku-ayinile, ku-ayinē | aku-ayinanga | okunga-ayinanga | kunga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 17 | ku-ayinile, ku-ayinē | oku-ayinile, oku-ayinē | ku-ayinile, ku-ayinē | aku-ayinanga | okunga-ayinanga | kunga-ayinanga | |||
| Remote past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngā-ayina | engā-ayina | ngā-ayina | angi-ayinanga | enginga-ayinanga | nginga-ayinanga | |||
| 2nd singular | wā-ayina | owā-ayina | wā-ayina | awu-ayinanga | onga-ayinanga | unga-ayinanga | |||
| 1st plural | sā-ayina | esā-ayina | sā-ayina | asi-ayinanga | esinga-ayinanga | singa-ayinanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nā-ayina | enā-ayina | nā-ayina | ani-ayinanga | eninga-ayinanga | ninga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 1 | wā-ayina | owā-ayina | ā-ayina | aka-ayinanga | onga-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 2 | bā-ayina | abā-ayina | bā-ayina | aba-ayinanga | abanga-ayinanga | benga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 3 | wā-ayina | owā-ayina | wā-ayina | awu-ayinanga | onga-ayinanga | unga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 4 | yā-ayina | eyā-ayina | yā-ayina | ayi-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | inga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 5 | lā-ayina | elā-ayina | lā-ayina | ali-ayinanga | elinga-ayinanga | linga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 6 | ā-ayina | ā-ayina | ā-ayina | awa-ayinanga | anga-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 7 | sā-ayina | esā-ayina | sā-ayina | asi-ayinanga | esinga-ayinanga | singa-ayinanga | |||
| Class 8 | zā-ayina | ezā-ayina | zā-ayina | azi-ayinanga | ezinga-ayinanga | zinga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 9 | yā-ayina | eyā-ayina | yā-ayina | ayi-ayinanga | enga-ayinanga | inga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 10 | zā-ayina | ezā-ayina | zā-ayina | azi-ayinanga | ezinga-ayinanga | zinga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 11 | lwā-ayina | olwā-ayina | lwā-ayina | alu-ayinanga | olunga-ayinanga | lunga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 14 | bā-ayina | obā-ayina | bā-ayina | abu-ayinanga | obunga-ayinanga | bunga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 15 | kwā-ayina | okwā-ayina | kwā-ayina | aku-ayinanga | okunga-ayinanga | kunga-ayinanga | |||
| Class 17 | kwā-ayina | okwā-ayina | kwā-ayina | aku-ayinanga | okunga-ayinanga | kunga-ayinanga | |||
| Potential | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | nginga-ayina | — | nginga-ayina | nginge-ayine | — | nginge-ayine | |||
| 2nd singular | unga-ayina | — | unga-ayina | unge-ayine | — | unge-ayine | |||
| 1st plural | singa-ayina | — | singa-ayina | singe-ayine | — | singe-ayine | |||
| 2nd plural | ninga-ayina | — | ninga-ayina | ninge-ayine | — | ninge-ayine | |||
| Class 1 | anga-ayina | — | enga-ayina | ange-ayine | — | enge-ayine | |||
| Class 2 | banga-ayina | — | benga-ayina | bange-ayine | — | benge-ayine | |||
| Class 3 | unga-ayina | — | unga-ayina | unge-ayine | — | unge-ayine | |||
| Class 4 | inga-ayina | — | inga-ayina | inge-ayine | — | inge-ayine | |||
| Class 5 | linga-ayina | — | linga-ayina | linge-ayine | — | linge-ayine | |||
| Class 6 | anga-ayina | — | enga-ayina | ange-ayine | — | enge-ayine | |||
| Class 7 | singa-ayina | — | singa-ayina | singe-ayine | — | singe-ayine | |||
| Class 8 | zinga-ayina | — | zinga-ayina | zinge-ayine | — | zinge-ayine | |||
| Class 9 | inga-ayina | — | inga-ayina | inge-ayine | — | inge-ayine | |||
| Class 10 | zinga-ayina | — | zinga-ayina | zinge-ayine | — | zinge-ayine | |||
| Class 11 | lunga-ayina | — | lunga-ayina | lunge-ayine | — | lunge-ayine | |||
| Class 14 | bunga-ayina | — | bunga-ayina | bunge-ayine | — | bunge-ayine | |||
| Class 15 | kunga-ayina | — | kunga-ayina | kunge-ayine | — | kunge-ayine | |||
| Class 17 | kunga-ayina | — | kunga-ayina | kunge-ayine | — | kunge-ayine | |||
| Immediate future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngizo-ayina | engizo-ayina | ngizo-ayina | angizu-ayina | engingezu-ayina | ngingezu-ayina | |||
| 2nd singular | uzo-ayina | ozo-ayina | uzo-ayina | awuzu-ayina | ongezu-ayina | ungezu-ayina | |||
| 1st plural | sizo-ayina | esizo-ayina | sizo-ayina | asizu-ayina | esingezu-ayina | singezu-ayina | |||
| 2nd plural | nizo-ayina | enizo-ayina | nizo-ayina | anizu-ayina | eningezu-ayina | ningezu-ayina | |||
| Class 1 | uzo-ayina | ozo-ayina | ezo-ayina | akazu-ayina | ongezu-ayina | engezu-ayina | |||
| Class 2 | bazo-ayina | abazo-ayina | bezo-ayina | abazu-ayina | abangezu-ayina | bengezu-ayina | |||
| Class 3 | uzo-ayina | ozo-ayina | uzo-ayina | awuzu-ayina | ongezu-ayina | ungezu-ayina | |||
| Class 4 | izo-ayina | ezo-ayina | izo-ayina | ayizu-ayina | engezu-ayina | ingezu-ayina | |||
| Class 5 | lizo-ayina | elizo-ayina | lizo-ayina | alizu-ayina | elingezu-ayina | lingezu-ayina | |||
| Class 6 | azo-ayina | azo-ayina | ezo-ayina | awazu-ayina | angezu-ayina | engezu-ayina | |||
| Class 7 | sizo-ayina | esizo-ayina | sizo-ayina | asizu-ayina | esingezu-ayina | singezu-ayina | |||
| Class 8 | zizo-ayina | ezizo-ayina | zizo-ayina | azizu-ayina | ezingezu-ayina | zingezu-ayina | |||
| Class 9 | izo-ayina | ezo-ayina | izo-ayina | ayizu-ayina | engezu-ayina | ingezu-ayina | |||
| Class 10 | zizo-ayina | ezizo-ayina | zizo-ayina | azizu-ayina | ezingezu-ayina | zingezu-ayina | |||
| Class 11 | luzo-ayina | oluzo-ayina | luzo-ayina | aluzu-ayina | olungezu-ayina | lungezu-ayina | |||
| Class 14 | buzo-ayina | obuzo-ayina | buzo-ayina | abuzu-ayina | obungezu-ayina | bungezu-ayina | |||
| Class 15 | kuzo-ayina | okuzo-ayina | kuzo-ayina | akuzu-ayina | okungezu-ayina | kungezu-ayina | |||
| Class 17 | kuzo-ayina | okuzo-ayina | kuzo-ayina | akuzu-ayina | okungezu-ayina | kungezu-ayina | |||
| Remote future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyo-ayina | engiyo-ayina | ngiyo-ayina | angiyu-ayina | engingeyu-ayina | ngingeyu-ayina | |||
| 2nd singular | uyo-ayina | oyo-ayina | uyo-ayina | awuyu-ayina | ongeyu-ayina | ungeyu-ayina | |||
| 1st plural | siyo-ayina | esiyo-ayina | siyo-ayina | asiyu-ayina | esingeyu-ayina | singeyu-ayina | |||
| 2nd plural | niyo-ayina | eniyo-ayina | niyo-ayina | aniyu-ayina | eningeyu-ayina | ningeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 1 | uyo-ayina | oyo-ayina | eyo-ayina | akayu-ayina | ongeyu-ayina | engeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 2 | bayo-ayina | abayo-ayina | beyo-ayina | abayu-ayina | abangeyu-ayina | bengeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 3 | uyo-ayina | oyo-ayina | uyo-ayina | awuyu-ayina | ongeyu-ayina | ungeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 4 | iyo-ayina | eyo-ayina | iyo-ayina | ayiyu-ayina | engeyu-ayina | ingeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 5 | liyo-ayina | eliyo-ayina | liyo-ayina | aliyu-ayina | elingeyu-ayina | lingeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 6 | ayo-ayina | ayo-ayina | eyo-ayina | awayu-ayina | angeyu-ayina | engeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 7 | siyo-ayina | esiyo-ayina | siyo-ayina | asiyu-ayina | esingeyu-ayina | singeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 8 | ziyo-ayina | eziyo-ayina | ziyo-ayina | aziyu-ayina | ezingeyu-ayina | zingeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 9 | iyo-ayina | eyo-ayina | iyo-ayina | ayiyu-ayina | engeyu-ayina | ingeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 10 | ziyo-ayina | eziyo-ayina | ziyo-ayina | aziyu-ayina | ezingeyu-ayina | zingeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 11 | luyo-ayina | oluyo-ayina | luyo-ayina | aluyu-ayina | olungeyu-ayina | lungeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 14 | buyo-ayina | obuyo-ayina | buyo-ayina | abuyu-ayina | obungeyu-ayina | bungeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 15 | kuyo-ayina | okuyo-ayina | kuyo-ayina | akuyu-ayina | okungeyu-ayina | kungeyu-ayina | |||
| Class 17 | kuyo-ayina | okuyo-ayina | kuyo-ayina | akuyu-ayina | okungeyu-ayina | kungeyu-ayina | |||
| Present subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngi-ayine | nginga-ayini | |||||||
| 2nd singular | u-ayine | unga-ayini | |||||||
| 1st plural | si-ayine | singa-ayini | |||||||
| 2nd plural | ni-ayine | ninga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 1 | a-ayine | anga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 2 | ba-ayine | banga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 3 | u-ayine | unga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 4 | i-ayine | inga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 5 | li-ayine | linga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 6 | a-ayine | anga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 7 | si-ayine | singa-ayini | |||||||
| Class 8 | zi-ayine | zinga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 9 | i-ayine | inga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 10 | zi-ayine | zinga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 11 | lu-ayine | lunga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 14 | bu-ayine | bunga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 15 | ku-ayine | kunga-ayini | |||||||
| Class 17 | ku-ayine | kunga-ayini | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | nga-ayina | nganga-ayina, anga-ayina, anganga-ayina | |||||||
| 2nd singular | wa-ayina | wanga-ayina, awa-ayina, awanga-ayina | |||||||
| 1st plural | sa-ayina | sanga-ayina, asa-ayina, asanga-ayina | |||||||
| 2nd plural | na-ayina | nanga-ayina, ana-ayina, ananga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 1 | wa-ayina | wanga-ayina, aka-ayina, akanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 2 | ba-ayina | banga-ayina, aba-ayina, abanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 3 | wa-ayina | wanga-ayina, awa-ayina, awanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 4 | ya-ayina | yanga-ayina, aya-ayina, ayanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 5 | la-ayina | langa-ayina, ala-ayina, alanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 6 | a-ayina | anga-ayina, awa-ayina, awanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 7 | sa-ayina | sanga-ayina, asa-ayina, asanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 8 | za-ayina | zanga-ayina, aza-ayina, azanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 9 | ya-ayina | yanga-ayina, aya-ayina, ayanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 10 | za-ayina | zanga-ayina, aza-ayina, azanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 11 | lwa-ayina | lwanga-ayina, alwa-ayina, alwanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 14 | ba-ayina | banga-ayina, aba-ayina, abanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 15 | kwa-ayina | kwanga-ayina, akwa-ayina, akwanga-ayina | |||||||
| Class 17 | kwa-ayina | kwanga-ayina, akwa-ayina, akwanga-ayina | |||||||
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