chật vật

Vietnamese

Etymology

ch- reduplication of vật (“to wrestle”), with semantic influence from chật (“tight, narrow”).

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕət̚˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕək̚˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [cək̚˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨] ~ [cək̚˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨]

Adjective

chật vật • (𡒻𢪱)

strenuous; arduous; toilsome; laborious; strugglesome (especially of life itself)

Adverb

chất vật • (𡒻𢪱)

strenuously; arduously; laboriously

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