dhīra
Pali
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit धीर (dhīra, “firm”) and Sanskrit धीर (dhīra, “wise”). In Pali, the two words merged into a single polysemous word, at least in the understanding of the commentaries.[1]
Adjective
dhīra
- wise[2]
- c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:
- 8. පමාදං අප්පමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතො 28
පඤ්ඤාපාසාදමාරුය්හ අසොකො සොකිනිං පජං
පබ්බතට්ඨො’ව භුම්මට්ඨෙ ධීරො බාලෙ අවෙක්ඛති.- 8. Pamādaṃ appamādena yadā nudati paṇḍito 28
Paññāpāsādamāruyha asoko sokiniṃ pajaṃ
Pabbataṭṭho'va bhummaṭṭhe dhīro bāle avekkhati. - 8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence, 28
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below. - (literally, “8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence, 28
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools on the ground.”)
- 8. Pamādaṃ appamādena yadā nudati paṇḍito 28
- firm,[2] resolute,[2] brave[2]
Declension
Please help by providing confirmation or refutation of the feminine form.
Declension table of "dhīra" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | dhīro | dhīrā |
| Accusative (second) | dhīraṃ | dhīre |
| Instrumental (third) | dhīrena | dhīrehi or dhīrebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | dhīrassa or dhīrāya or dhīratthaṃ | dhīrānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | dhīrasmā or dhīramhā or dhīrā | dhīrehi or dhīrebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | dhīrassa | dhīrānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | dhīrasmiṃ or dhīramhi or dhīre | dhīresu |
| Vocative (calling) | dhīra | dhīrā |
Declension table of "dhīrā" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | dhīrā | dhīrāyo or dhīrā |
| Accusative (second) | dhīraṃ | dhīrāyo or dhīrā |
| Instrumental (third) | dhīrāya | dhīrāhi or dhīrābhi |
| Dative (fourth) | dhīrāya | dhīrānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | dhīrāya | dhīrāhi or dhīrābhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | dhīrāya | dhīrānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | dhīrāya or dhīrāyaṃ | dhīrāsu |
| Vocative (calling) | dhīre | dhīrāyo or dhīrā |
Declension table of "dhīra" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | dhīraṃ | dhīrāni |
| Accusative (second) | dhīraṃ | dhīrāni |
| Instrumental (third) | dhīrena | dhīrehi or dhīrebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | dhīrassa or dhīrāya or dhīratthaṃ | dhīrānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | dhīrasmā or dhīramhā or dhīrā | dhīrehi or dhīrebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | dhīrassa | dhīrānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | dhīrasmiṃ or dhīramhi or dhīre | dhīresu |
| Vocative (calling) | dhīra | dhīrāni |
References
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “dhīra”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
- Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 122.
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