dlula

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-dlúla

  1. to pass

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-dlúla

  1. to pass

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Zulu

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-dlúla

  1. to pass (by)
  2. to surpass, to exceed
  3. to pass, to blow over (of season, disease, etc)
  4. to pass away, to die
  5. to persist, to do regardless

Inflection
Tone H
Infinitive ukudlula
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukudlula ukungadluli
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular dlula -dlule
Plural dlulani -dluleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyadlula, ngidlula engidlulayo, engidlula ngidlula angidluli engingadluli ngingadluli
2nd singular uyadlula, udlula odlulayo, odlula udlula awudluli ongadluli ungadluli
1st plural siyadlula, sidlula esidlulayo, esidlula sidlula asidluli esingadluli singadluli
2nd plural niyadlula, nidlula enidlulayo, enidlula nidlula anidluli eningadluli ningadluli
Class 1 uyadlula, udlula odlulayo, odlula edlula akadluli ongadluli engadluli
Class 2 bayadlula, badlula abadlulayo, abadlula bedlula abadluli abangadluli bengadluli
Class 3 uyadlula, udlula odlulayo, odlula udlula awudluli ongadluli ungadluli
Class 4 iyadlula, idlula edlulayo, edlula idlula ayidluli engadluli ingadluli
Class 5 liyadlula, lidlula elidlulayo, elidlula lidlula alidluli elingadluli lingadluli
Class 6 ayadlula, adlula adlulayo, adlula edlula awadluli angadluli engadluli
Class 7 siyadlula, sidlula esidlulayo, esidlula sidlula asidluli esingadluli singadluli
Class 8 ziyadlula, zidlula ezidlulayo, ezidlula zidlula azidluli ezingadluli zingadluli
Class 9 iyadlula, idlula edlulayo, edlula idlula ayidluli engadluli ingadluli
Class 10 ziyadlula, zidlula ezidlulayo, ezidlula zidlula azidluli ezingadluli zingadluli
Class 11 luyadlula, ludlula oludlulayo, oludlula ludlula aludluli olungadluli lungadluli
Class 14 buyadlula, budlula obudlulayo, obudlula budlula abudluli obungadluli bungadluli
Class 15 kuyadlula, kudlula okudlulayo, okudlula kudlula akudluli okungadluli kungadluli
Class 17 kuyadlula, kudlula okudlulayo, okudlula kudlula akudluli okungadluli kungadluli
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngidlulile, ngidlulē engidlulile, engidlulē ngidlulile, ngidlulē angidlulanga engingadlulanga ngingadlulanga
2nd singular udlulile, udlulē odlulile, odlulē udlulile, udlulē awudlulanga ongadlulanga ungadlulanga
1st plural sidlulile, sidlulē esidlulile, esidlulē sidlulile, sidlulē asidlulanga esingadlulanga singadlulanga
2nd plural nidlulile, nidlulē enidlulile, enidlulē nidlulile, nidlulē anidlulanga eningadlulanga ningadlulanga
Class 1 udlulile, udlulē odlulile, odlulē edlulile, edlulē akadlulanga ongadlulanga engadlulanga
Class 2 badlulile, badlulē abadlulile, abadlulē bedlulile, bedlulē abadlulanga abangadlulanga bengadlulanga
Class 3 udlulile, udlulē odlulile, odlulē udlulile, udlulē awudlulanga ongadlulanga ungadlulanga
Class 4 idlulile, idlulē edlulile, edlulē idlulile, idlulē ayidlulanga engadlulanga ingadlulanga
Class 5 lidlulile, lidlulē elidlulile, elidlulē lidlulile, lidlulē alidlulanga elingadlulanga lingadlulanga
Class 6 adlulile, adlulē adlulile, adlulē edlulile, edlulē awadlulanga angadlulanga engadlulanga
Class 7 sidlulile, sidlulē esidlulile, esidlulē sidlulile, sidlulē asidlulanga esingadlulanga singadlulanga
Class 8 zidlulile, zidlulē ezidlulile, ezidlulē zidlulile, zidlulē azidlulanga ezingadlulanga zingadlulanga
Class 9 idlulile, idlulē edlulile, edlulē idlulile, idlulē ayidlulanga engadlulanga ingadlulanga
Class 10 zidlulile, zidlulē ezidlulile, ezidlulē zidlulile, zidlulē azidlulanga ezingadlulanga zingadlulanga
Class 11 ludlulile, ludlulē oludlulile, oludlulē ludlulile, ludlulē aludlulanga olungadlulanga lungadlulanga
Class 14 budlulile, budlulē obudlulile, obudlulē budlulile, budlulē abudlulanga obungadlulanga bungadlulanga
Class 15 kudlulile, kudlulē okudlulile, okudlulē kudlulile, kudlulē akudlulanga okungadlulanga kungadlulanga
Class 17 kudlulile, kudlulē okudlulile, okudlulē kudlulile, kudlulē akudlulanga okungadlulanga kungadlulanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngādlula engādlula ngādlula angidlulanga engingadlulanga ngingadlulanga
2nd singular wādlula owādlula wādlula awudlulanga ongadlulanga ungadlulanga
1st plural sādlula esādlula sādlula asidlulanga esingadlulanga singadlulanga
2nd plural nādlula enādlula nādlula anidlulanga eningadlulanga ningadlulanga
Class 1 wādlula owādlula ādlula akadlulanga ongadlulanga engadlulanga
Class 2 bādlula abādlula bādlula abadlulanga abangadlulanga bengadlulanga
Class 3 wādlula owādlula wādlula awudlulanga ongadlulanga ungadlulanga
Class 4 yādlula eyādlula yādlula ayidlulanga engadlulanga ingadlulanga
Class 5 lādlula elādlula lādlula alidlulanga elingadlulanga lingadlulanga
Class 6 ādlula ādlula ādlula awadlulanga angadlulanga engadlulanga
Class 7 sādlula esādlula sādlula asidlulanga esingadlulanga singadlulanga
Class 8 zādlula ezādlula zādlula azidlulanga ezingadlulanga zingadlulanga
Class 9 yādlula eyādlula yādlula ayidlulanga engadlulanga ingadlulanga
Class 10 zādlula ezādlula zādlula azidlulanga ezingadlulanga zingadlulanga
Class 11 lwādlula olwādlula lwādlula aludlulanga olungadlulanga lungadlulanga
Class 14 bādlula obādlula bādlula abudlulanga obungadlulanga bungadlulanga
Class 15 kwādlula okwādlula kwādlula akudlulanga okungadlulanga kungadlulanga
Class 17 kwādlula okwādlula kwādlula akudlulanga okungadlulanga kungadlulanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingadlula — ngingadlula ngingedlule — ngingedlule
2nd singular ungadlula — ungadlula ungedlule — ungedlule
1st plural singadlula — singadlula singedlule — singedlule
2nd plural ningadlula — ningadlula ningedlule — ningedlule
Class 1 angadlula — engadlula angedlule — engedlule
Class 2 bangadlula — bengadlula bangedlule — bengedlule
Class 3 ungadlula — ungadlula ungedlule — ungedlule
Class 4 ingadlula — ingadlula ingedlule — ingedlule
Class 5 lingadlula — lingadlula lingedlule — lingedlule
Class 6 angadlula — engadlula angedlule — engedlule
Class 7 singadlula — singadlula singedlule — singedlule
Class 8 zingadlula — zingadlula zingedlule — zingedlule
Class 9 ingadlula — ingadlula ingedlule — ingedlule
Class 10 zingadlula — zingadlula zingedlule — zingedlule
Class 11 lungadlula — lungadlula lungedlule — lungedlule
Class 14 bungadlula — bungadlula bungedlule — bungedlule
Class 15 kungadlula — kungadlula kungedlule — kungedlule
Class 17 kungadlula — kungadlula kungedlule — kungedlule
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizodlula engizodlula ngizodlula angizudlula engingezudlula ngingezudlula
2nd singular uzodlula ozodlula uzodlula awuzudlula ongezudlula ungezudlula
1st plural sizodlula esizodlula sizodlula asizudlula esingezudlula singezudlula
2nd plural nizodlula enizodlula nizodlula anizudlula eningezudlula ningezudlula
Class 1 uzodlula ozodlula ezodlula akazudlula ongezudlula engezudlula
Class 2 bazodlula abazodlula bezodlula abazudlula abangezudlula bengezudlula
Class 3 uzodlula ozodlula uzodlula awuzudlula ongezudlula ungezudlula
Class 4 izodlula ezodlula izodlula ayizudlula engezudlula ingezudlula
Class 5 lizodlula elizodlula lizodlula alizudlula elingezudlula lingezudlula
Class 6 azodlula azodlula ezodlula awazudlula angezudlula engezudlula
Class 7 sizodlula esizodlula sizodlula asizudlula esingezudlula singezudlula
Class 8 zizodlula ezizodlula zizodlula azizudlula ezingezudlula zingezudlula
Class 9 izodlula ezodlula izodlula ayizudlula engezudlula ingezudlula
Class 10 zizodlula ezizodlula zizodlula azizudlula ezingezudlula zingezudlula
Class 11 luzodlula oluzodlula luzodlula aluzudlula olungezudlula lungezudlula
Class 14 buzodlula obuzodlula buzodlula abuzudlula obungezudlula bungezudlula
Class 15 kuzodlula okuzodlula kuzodlula akuzudlula okungezudlula kungezudlula
Class 17 kuzodlula okuzodlula kuzodlula akuzudlula okungezudlula kungezudlula
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyodlula engiyodlula ngiyodlula angiyudlula engingeyudlula ngingeyudlula
2nd singular uyodlula oyodlula uyodlula awuyudlula ongeyudlula ungeyudlula
1st plural siyodlula esiyodlula siyodlula asiyudlula esingeyudlula singeyudlula
2nd plural niyodlula eniyodlula niyodlula aniyudlula eningeyudlula ningeyudlula
Class 1 uyodlula oyodlula eyodlula akayudlula ongeyudlula engeyudlula
Class 2 bayodlula abayodlula beyodlula abayudlula abangeyudlula bengeyudlula
Class 3 uyodlula oyodlula uyodlula awuyudlula ongeyudlula ungeyudlula
Class 4 iyodlula eyodlula iyodlula ayiyudlula engeyudlula ingeyudlula
Class 5 liyodlula eliyodlula liyodlula aliyudlula elingeyudlula lingeyudlula
Class 6 ayodlula ayodlula eyodlula awayudlula angeyudlula engeyudlula
Class 7 siyodlula esiyodlula siyodlula asiyudlula esingeyudlula singeyudlula
Class 8 ziyodlula eziyodlula ziyodlula aziyudlula ezingeyudlula zingeyudlula
Class 9 iyodlula eyodlula iyodlula ayiyudlula engeyudlula ingeyudlula
Class 10 ziyodlula eziyodlula ziyodlula aziyudlula ezingeyudlula zingeyudlula
Class 11 luyodlula oluyodlula luyodlula aluyudlula olungeyudlula lungeyudlula
Class 14 buyodlula obuyodlula buyodlula abuyudlula obungeyudlula bungeyudlula
Class 15 kuyodlula okuyodlula kuyodlula akuyudlula okungeyudlula kungeyudlula
Class 17 kuyodlula okuyodlula kuyodlula akuyudlula okungeyudlula kungeyudlula
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngidlule ngingadluli
2nd singular udlule ungadluli
1st plural sidlule singadluli
2nd plural nidlule ningadluli
Class 1 adlule angadluli
Class 2 badlule bangadluli
Class 3 udlule ungadluli
Class 4 idlule ingadluli
Class 5 lidlule lingadluli
Class 6 adlule angadluli
Class 7 sidlule singadluli
Class 8 zidlule zingadluli
Class 9 idlule ingadluli
Class 10 zidlule zingadluli
Class 11 ludlule lungadluli
Class 14 budlule bungadluli
Class 15 kudlule kungadluli
Class 17 kudlule kungadluli
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngadlula ngangadlula, angadlula, angangadlula
2nd singular wadlula wangadlula, awadlula, awangadlula
1st plural sadlula sangadlula, asadlula, asangadlula
2nd plural nadlula nangadlula, anadlula, anangadlula
Class 1 wadlula wangadlula, akadlula, akangadlula
Class 2 badlula bangadlula, abadlula, abangadlula
Class 3 wadlula wangadlula, awadlula, awangadlula
Class 4 yadlula yangadlula, ayadlula, ayangadlula
Class 5 ladlula langadlula, aladlula, alangadlula
Class 6 adlula angadlula, awadlula, awangadlula
Class 7 sadlula sangadlula, asadlula, asangadlula
Class 8 zadlula zangadlula, azadlula, azangadlula
Class 9 yadlula yangadlula, ayadlula, ayangadlula
Class 10 zadlula zangadlula, azadlula, azangadlula
Class 11 lwadlula lwangadlula, alwadlula, alwangadlula
Class 14 badlula bangadlula, abadlula, abangadlula
Class 15 kwadlula kwangadlula, akwadlula, akwangadlula
Class 17 kwadlula kwangadlula, akwadlula, akwangadlula

Derived terms

References
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