grammaticaliser
French
Etymology
From grammatical + -iser.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/, /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of grammaticaliser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | grammaticaliser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | grammaticalisant /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɑ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | grammaticalisé /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grammaticalise /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
grammaticalises /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
grammaticalise /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
grammaticalisons /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɔ̃/ |
grammaticalisez /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ |
grammaticalisent /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
| imperfect | grammaticalisais /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ |
grammaticalisais /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ |
grammaticalisait /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ |
grammaticalisions /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zjɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zjɔ̃/ |
grammaticalisiez /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zje/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zje/ |
grammaticalisaient /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | grammaticalisai /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ |
grammaticalisas /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.za/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.za/ |
grammaticalisa /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.za/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.za/ |
grammaticalisâmes /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zam/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zam/ |
grammaticalisâtes /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zat/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zat/ |
grammaticalisèrent /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛʁ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | grammaticaliserai /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁe/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁe/ |
grammaticaliseras /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁa/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁa/ |
grammaticalisera /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁa/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁa/ |
grammaticaliserons /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɔ̃/ |
grammaticaliserez /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁe/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁe/ |
grammaticaliseront /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | grammaticaliserais /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ |
grammaticaliserais /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ |
grammaticaliserait /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ |
grammaticaliserions /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
grammaticaliseriez /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zə.ʁje/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zə.ʁje/ |
grammaticaliseraient /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grammaticalise /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
grammaticalises /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
grammaticalise /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
grammaticalisions /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zjɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zjɔ̃/ |
grammaticalisiez /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zje/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zje/ |
grammaticalisent /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
| imperfect2 | grammaticalisasse /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zas/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zas/ |
grammaticalisasses /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zas/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zas/ |
grammaticalisât /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.za/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.za/ |
grammaticalisassions /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.za.sjɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.za.sjɔ̃/ |
grammaticalisassiez /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.za.sje/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.za.sje/ |
grammaticalisassent /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zas/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | grammaticalise /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.liz/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.liz/ |
— | grammaticalisons /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.zɔ̃/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.zɔ̃/ |
grammaticalisez /ɡʁa.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ or /ɡʁam.ma.ti.ka.li.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “grammaticaliser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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