gwadu

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh gwadu, from Proto-Brythonic *gwodad, from Proto-Celtic *wotāti, from Proto-Indo-European *woth₂-éye-ti [whence also Latin vetō (“to forbid”)[1]] from Proto-Indo-European *weth₂- (“to say”).

Pronunciation

Verb

gwadu (first-person singular present gwadaf)

  1. (transitive) to deny
  2. (transitive) to disavow, to disown

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gwadaf gwedi gwad gwadwn gwedwch, gwadwch gwadant gwedir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 gwadwn gwadit gwadai gwadem gwadech gwadent gwedid
preterite gwedais gwedaist gwadodd gwadasom gwadasoch gwadasant gwadwyd
pluperfect gwadaswn gwadasit gwadasai gwadasem gwadasech gwadasent gwadasid, gwadesid
present subjunctive gwadwyf gwedych gwado gwadom gwadoch gwadont gwader
imperative — gwada gwaded gwadwn gwedwch, gwadwch gwadent gwader
verbal noun gwadu
verbal adjectives gwadedig
gwadadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future gwada i, gwadaf i gwadi di gwadith o/e/hi, gwadiff e/hi gwadwn ni gwadwch chi gwadan nhw
conditional gwadwn i, gwadswn i gwadet ti, gwadset ti gwadai fo/fe/hi, gwadsai fo/fe/hi gwaden ni, gwadsen ni gwadech chi, gwadsech chi gwaden nhw, gwadsen nhw
preterite gwadais i, gwades i gwadaist ti, gwadest ti gwadodd o/e/hi gwadon ni gwadoch chi gwadon nhw
imperative — gwada — — gwadwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • gwadiad (“denial”)
  • gwadwr (“denier”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gwadu wadu ngwadu unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwadu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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