jꜥj

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjaːʕat/ → /ˈjaːʕaʔ/ → /ˈjaːʕa/ → /ˈjoːʕə/

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to wash (the body, limbs, clothes, tools, oneself, etc.)
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:








      jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt
      Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
      so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.
  2. (transitive) to wash off, to wash out, to wash away (inscriptions, blood, etc.)
  3. (transitive) to treat (food) with water or milk [Medical papyri]
  4. (transitive) to wet (wooden rods) in order to bend (them)

Inflection
Conjugation of jꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jꜥ, geminated stem: jꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jꜥt, jꜥj
 jꜥw, jꜥ
 jꜥt, jꜥwt, jꜥyt
 jꜥ
 jꜥ, jꜥy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jꜥ8, jꜥꜥ8
 ḥr jꜥt, ḥr jꜥj
 m jꜥt, m jꜥj
 r jꜥt, r jꜥj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jꜥ.n
 jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy
 consecutive jꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jꜥt, jꜥyt
perfective3 jꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jꜥ, jꜥy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy
 jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy
 potentialis1 jꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jꜥ, jꜥy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jꜥw1, jꜥy, jꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥ
 jꜥy, jꜥ
imperfective jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥy, jꜥꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥj6, jꜥꜥy6
 jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥw5
prospective jꜥw1, jꜥy, jꜥ, jꜥtj7
 — jꜥwtj1 4, jꜥtj4, jꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜥj  




jꜥj jꜥj jꜥj jꜥj yꜥj jꜥj yꜥj
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [18th–19th Dynasty] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲓ (iōi), ⲓⲱ (iō)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲱⲓ (iōōi)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲉ (eioue)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō), ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲉ (eioue)

References
  • “jꜥi̯ (lemma ID 21550)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 39.2–39.17
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 10
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 190.
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