makan

See also: makán, mákan, and Makan

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Verb

makan

  1. to eat (consume)

Indonesian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈma.kan/
  • Rhymes: -kan, -an
  • Hyphenation: ma‧kan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay makan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Cognates

Cognate with Pattani Malay ماکٍي (makɛ), Minangkabau makan, Banjarese makan, Iban makai, Urak Lawoi' มากัด (makat).

Verb

makan (active memakan, passive dimakan, involuntary/perfective passive termakan)

  1. to eat
    1. to ingest
      1. (transitive) to consume (something solid or semi-solid, usually food) by putting it into the mouth and swallowing it
      2. (intransitive) to consume a meal
      3. (copulative, intransitive) to have a particular quality of diet; to be well-fed or underfed
    2. (transitive) to use up (to destroy, consume, or use up)
  2. (transitive) to chew repeatedly
    Synonym: kunyah-kunyah
  3. (transitive) to consume
    Synonym: konsumsi
  4. (transitive, rare) to suck (to use the mouth and lips to pull in (a liquid, especially milk from the breast))
    Synonym: isap
  5. (of a chess, transitive, figurative, uncommon) to get rid of
    Synonym: singkirkan
  6. (transitive, figurative) to injure (to wound or cause physical harm to a living creature)
    Synonym: lukai
  7. (transitive, rare) to penetrate (to enter into; to make way into the interior of; to pierce)
    Synonym: tembus
  8. (intransitive, rare) to obtain something; to reach something
  9. (transitive, figurative, rare) to use illegally
  10. (of an illicit relationship, transitive, figurative, euphemistic, rare) to approach (to have sexual intercourse with (someone))
    Synonyms: tiduri, bersetubuh
Conjugation
Conjugation of makan (meng-, transitive)
Root makan
Active Involuntary / perfective Passive Imperative Jussive
Active memakan termakan dimakan makan makanlah
Locative – – – – –
Causative / Applicative1 memakankan termakankan dimakankan makankan makankanlah
Causative
Locative – – – – –
Causative / Applicative1 mempermakankan terpermakankan dipermakankan permakankan permakankanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Notes:
Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Adjective

makan

  1. (figurative) work
    Untung saja remnya makan kalau tidak matilah kau. ― You're lucky that the brake worked properly otherwise you would be dead.
Derived terms
Affixed and duplicated terms
Compound terms
  • makan ampun
  • makan angin
  • makan arwah
  • makan asam garam
  • makan ayapan
  • makan bawang
  • makan bebas
  • makan benak
  • makan berkancah
  • makan berpantang
  • makan berulam
  • makan besar
  • makan biaya
  • makan darah
  • makan dati
  • makan dawai
  • makan dedak
  • makan diri
  • makan duit
  • makan emas
  • makan gaji
  • makan hak
  • makan hati
  • makan jangat
  • makan kawan sendiri
  • makan kawat
  • makan kerawat
  • makan keringat orang
  • makan kuli
  • makan lewah
  • makan malam
  • makan mewah
  • makan ongkos
  • makan pagi
  • makan pena
  • makan riba
  • makan sehat
  • makan sekolah
  • makan sepinggan
  • makan sepuasnya
  • makan siang
  • makan sogok
  • makan suap
  • makan sumpah
  • makan tali
  • makan tanah
  • makan tangan
  • makan tidur
  • makan tulang
  • makan uang
  • makan upah
  • makan waktu

Etymology 2

Clipping of makanan

Noun

makan (first-person possessive makanku, second-person possessive makanmu, third-person possessive makannya)

  1. (figurative) living; sustenance
    Synonyms: nafkah, penghidupan, rezeki

Further reading

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /makan/
  • Rhymes: -kan, -an

Verb

makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)

  1. to eat
  2. consume, spend
  3. to injure or penetrate
  4. (impersonal) to work as expected
  5. fit in
  6. to follow (an advice)
  7. to receive bribes or illegally obtained money

Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
  • pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
  • makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
  • memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
  • memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
  • dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
  • dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
  • termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
  • bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

Descendants
  • > Indonesian: makan (inherited)

Further reading

Swedish

Noun

makan

  1. definite singular of maka

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish macan (“bruised”), an inflection of macar (“to bruise”), although according to Manuel (1948), it is supposedly from Macao, due to Noceda & Sanlucar (1860) defining it as "Arroz de tubigan, bueno y oloroso, uno es blanco y otro colorado. Vino la semilla de Macan." and an early account of Fr. Domingo de Salazar (1583) saying that they have located it at "la ysla de Macan, donde viven los Portugueses que estan junto a la ciudad de Cantón, en la China,...".

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /maˈkan/, [mɐˈxan]
  • Hyphenation: ma‧kan

Noun

makán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜈ᜔)

  1. (botany) a type of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa, sometimes subspecies O. s. indica) grown across the Philippines with a variety of white rice and red rice, often considered as a second-class rice
  2. (zoology) a species of pig with a savory meat when cooked

Further reading
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