mi³¹
Pela
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi³¹/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej. Cognate with Burmese မီး (mi:), Nuosu ꃆꄔ (mup dut, “fire”), dialectal Old Chinese 𤈦, 燬 (*hmralʔ, “fire”), Tibetan མེ (me) (from Old Tibetan མྱེ (mye)), Tangut 𗜐 (*mə̱¹, “fire”), Japhug smi (“fire”), Horpa ɣmə (“fire”), Hani miq zaq (“fire”), Nusu mi⁵⁵ (“fire”), Naxi mi (“fire”), Bokar ə mə (“fire”), Mizo měi (“fire”) and Jingpho myihprap (“lightning”). Compare Lhao Vo myi:, Zaiwa myi, Luxi Achang mi⁵¹ and Hpon tămì ~ tămè.
Derived terms
- mi³¹ am³¹ (“gun”)
- mi³¹ kjø³¹ (“charcoal”)
- mi³¹ kɔ̠ʔ⁵⁵ (“lamp”)
- mi³¹ kʰau³⁵ (“smoke”)
- mi³¹ kʰjø̃³⁵ (“firepit”)
- mi³¹ mɔp⁵⁵ (“ash”)
- mi³¹ pɔ³⁵ (“light bulb”)
- mi³¹ sɛʔ⁵⁵ (“to extinguish a fire”)
- mi³¹ tam³¹ (“torch”)
- mi³¹ tɛ̠ʔ⁵⁵ (“to ignite”)
- mi³¹ tʃʰɿ³⁵ (“gunpowder”)
- mi³¹ ʃɛ̃⁵⁵ (“flame”)
See also
- pʰɔt⁵⁵ (“to burn; to roast(vt.)”)
- tat⁵⁵ (“electricity”)
- ŋɛ³⁵ (“to burn(vi.)”)
- ɣəi⁵⁵ (“water”)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mi (“girl; female; feminine suffix”). Cognate with Burmese အမိ (a.mi., “mother”) (and possibly also မိန်းမ (min:ma., “woman”)), Nuosu ꃌ (myp, “woman; matron; wife”), Tangut 𗕪 (*mjịj¹, “woman”), Japhug tɯ-me (“daughter”), Horpa sme (“daughter; mother”), Hani ssaq miq (“daughter; woman”), Lahu zad mid (“daughter”), Naxi mil (“woman; daughter”), Bokar ȵe məː (“girl; woman; female”) and Proto-Karen *hmɨᴮ (“female; woman”). Compare Zaiwa myiwe, Lashi myi: yi:, Longchuan Achang ȵi³¹ mɔʔ³¹ (“wife”), Luxi Achang mjiʔ³¹ ʑɛ⁵¹ (“wife”) and Hpon mì sà(ʔ) ~ mì zà. Shared roots between "wife" and "woman" occur cross-linguistically, compare English wife and woman.
Usage notes
mi³¹ is rarely used alone for both meanings. For the meaning "wife", mi³¹ is always modified by a genitive form of a personal pronoun or jɔ̃³¹ (“3rd singular pronoun”) (as in jɔ̃³¹ mi³¹), in which case usually a particular wife of someone is referred to. Otherwise, it occurs as a part of a compound word or a phrase, as in mi³¹ lɔ̃⁵⁵ (“married couple (lit. "wife husband")”) or mi³¹ fɔ̃³⁵ ("to get married (lit. "to let the wife in")). For the meaning "female" or "woman", the use of mi³¹ is almost restricted to mi³¹ ɣɛ³¹ (“woman; female”). For the vast of terms referring to female humans or animals, the suffix -mi̠³⁵ is used instead, as in jauʔ³¹ mi̠³⁵ (“wife of mother's brother; mother-in-law”).
Derived terms
- jɔ̃³¹ mi³¹ (“one's wife”)
- mi³¹ fɔ̃³⁵ (“to get married”)
- mi³¹ lɔ̃⁵⁵ (“married couple (lit. "wife husband")”)
- mi³¹ ma̠ʔ⁵⁵ (“to make one's court; to seek a wife”)
- mi³¹ sak⁵⁵ (“bride”)
- mi³¹ ɣɛ³¹ (“woman; female”)
See also
- jauʔ³¹ kai⁵⁵ (“man; male”)
- lɔ̃⁵⁵ (“husband”)
- ta³¹ (“child”)
Etymology 3
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-may ~ *m-ray (“tail; penis”). Cognate with Burmese အမြီး (a.mri:, “tail”), Old Chinese 尾 (*mɯlʔ, “tail, end”), Tibetan རྨེད (rmed, “crupper”), Nuosu ꂪ (hmy, “tail”), Lisu ꓟꓶꓸ (mɯ́, “tail”), Hani daoq miq (“tail”), Naxi mai dal (“tail”), Tangut 𘂴 (*mji̱j¹, “tail; end”), Japhug tɤ-jme (“tail”), Jingpho nmai (“tail”) and Karbi arme (“tail”). Compare Zaiwa shomyi (“tail”), Lhao Vo shamyi: (“tail”), Luxi Achang a³¹ mji³⁵ (“tail”) and Hpon ă mì (“tail”).
Derived terms
- ʃă.mi⁵¹ (“tail”)
- ʃɛ̃⁵⁵ mi³¹ (“tail of blade”)
See also
- tʰɔ̃⁵⁵ (“foothills; behind; last”)
- tʃʰauʔ⁵⁵ pa̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ (“buttocks”)
References
- Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing)
- Guillaume Jacques, Esquisse de phonologie et de morphologie historique du tangoute (2014; Brill, Leiden)
- Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wang Huiyin, A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing)
- Mangshi Jinghpo ethnicity Association of Development and Progress Studies(芒市景颇族发展进步研究学会)(ed.), Han-Zaiwa-Pela Dictionary (汉文载瓦文波拉语对译词典) (2018; Dehong Nationalities Publishing House, Mangshi)