obrót

See also: ôbrōt, òbrót, and ôbrót

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obvortъ.[1][2][3] By surface analysis, deverbal from obrócić. First attested in 1535.[4]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɔb.rut/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɔ.brɔt/, /ˈɔ.brot/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔbrut
  • Syllabification: ob‧rót

Noun

obrót m inan

  1. (countable) turn, rotation, revolution (turning of an object around its own or another object's axis)
    obrót Ziemi ― Earth's rotation
    obrót wokół osi ― rotation around an axis
  2. (uncountable) turn (manner in which events unfold)
    Synonym: zwrot
    obrót zdarzeń ― turn of events
  3. (uncountable, economics) turnover; trade; sales; payments (purchase and sale transactions) [+instrumental = in what]
    Synonym: handel
  4. (countable, obsolete, hunting) turn (deviation from a path; running turn performed by a fleeing animal)
  5. (in the plural, obsolete, military) drill (military exercises, maneuvers)
    Synonym: musztra
  6. (uncountable, obsolete) cunning, trickery
    Synonyms: fortel, obrotność, przebiegłość
    1. (countable, obsolete) cunning person
  7. (in the plural, obsolete) frolic, dancing, celebrations; troubles; torments, pickle, jam; danger
  8. (countable, obsolete) pole (that on which something turns physically)
  9. (countable, obsolete, zootomy) animal's vertebra
  10. (countable, obsolete, anatomy) joint (part of the body where two bones join)
    Synonym: staw
  11. (uncountable, obsolete) circulation (flow of blood in the body)
    Synonym: krążenie
  12. (countable, obsolete, metallurgy) wooden furnace frame (wooden form that rotates on an axis, used in the construction of a blast furnace shaft and grates, corresponding to the internal shape of the furnace, and applied to the laid bricks)
  13. (countable, obsolete, medicine) rotation of a fetus in a uterus to facilitate [[delivery]

Declension
Declension of obrót
singular plural
nominative obrót obroty
genitive obrotu obrotów
dative obrotowi obrotom
accusative obrót obroty
instrumental obrotem obrotami
locative obrocie obrotach
vocative obrocie obroty

Derived terms
adjectives
adverb
  • na obrotach
nouns
verbs
  • wziąć w obroty pf, brać w obroty impf
verbs

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), obrót is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 32 times in scientific texts, 14 times in news, 9 times in essays, 4 times in fiction, and 3 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 62 times, making it the 1054th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

References
  1. Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “obrót”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. Mańczak, Witold (2017) “obrót”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  3. Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “obrót”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  4. Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “obrót”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  5. Ida Kurcz (1990) “obrót”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 305

Further reading
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