qnj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to embrace
  2. (transitive) to surround
Inflection
Conjugation of qnj (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: qnj
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
qnj
 qnjw, qnj
 qnjt
 qnj
 qnj
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
qnj
 ḥr qnj
 m qnj
 r qnj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect qnj.n
 qnjw, qnj
 consecutive qnj.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative qnjt
perfective3 qnj
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 qnj.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective qnj
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 qnj
 qnj
 potentialis1 qnj.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive qnj
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect qnj.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective qnj
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 qnj
 qnj, qnjw5, qnjy5
imperfective qnj, qnjy, qnjw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 qnj, qnjj6, qnjy6
 qnj, qnjw5
prospective qnj, qnjtj7
 — qnjtj4, qnjt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Synonyms

Noun

 m

  1. sheaf, bundle
Inflection
Declension of qnj (masculine)
singular qnj
dual qnjwj
plural qnjw

Pronunciation

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) brave and sturdy, to be(come) stalwart
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:





      jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k
      If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.
  2. (transitive or intransitive) to prevail, to conquer
Inflection
Conjugation of qnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: qn, geminated stem: qnn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
qnt, qnj
 qnw, qn
 qnt, qnwt, qnyt
 qn
 qn, qny
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
qn8, qnn8
 ḥr qnt, ḥr qnj
 m qnt, m qnj
 r qnt, r qnj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect qn.n
 qnw, qn, qny
 consecutive qn.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative qnt, qnyt
perfective3 qn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 qn.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective qn, qny
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 qnw, qn, qny
 qnw, qn, qny
 potentialis1 qn.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive qn, qny
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect qn.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective qnw1, qny, qn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 qn
 qny, qn
imperfective qnn, qnny, qnnw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 qnn, qnnj6, qnny6
 qnn, qnnw5
prospective qnw1, qny, qn, qntj7
 — qnwtj1 4, qntj4, qnt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qnj  
qnj

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈqʼinjit/ → /ˈqʼinjiʔ/ → /ˈqʼenja/ → /ˈqʼenjə/

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) fat
Inflection
Conjugation of qnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: qn, geminated stem: qnn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
qnt, qnj
 qnw, qn
 qnt, qnwt, qnyt
 qn
 qn, qny
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
qn8, qnn8
 ḥr qnt, ḥr qnj
 m qnt, m qnj
 r qnt, r qnj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect qn.n
 consecutive qn.jn
terminative qnt, qnyt
perfective3 qn
 obligative1 qn.ḫr
imperfective qn, qny
prospective3 qnw, qn, qny
 potentialis1 qn.kꜣ
subjunctive qn, qny
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect qn.n
 — —
perfective qnw1, qny, qn
 qn
 qny, qn
imperfective qnn, qnny, qnnw5
 qnn, qnnj6, qnny6
 qnn, qnnw5
prospective qnw1, qny, qn, qntj7
 qnwtj1 4, qntj4, qnt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲛⲉⲓⲉ (kneie), ⲕⲛⲛⲓⲉ (knnie)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲉⲛⲓ (keni)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲛⲛⲓ (kēnni)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲛⲛⲉ (knne)

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 240, 386.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 47
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