sfḫḫ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ fḫḫ (“to loosen”), itself a reduplication of fḫ (“to loosen, to give up”).

Pronunciation

Verb


 caus. 2ae gem.

  1. (transitive) to loosen

Inflection
Conjugation of sfḫḫ (causative second geminate / caus. 2ae gem. / caus. II. gem.) — base stem: sfḫ, geminated stem: sfḫḫ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sfḫḫ
 sfḫḫ
 sfḫḫt
 sfḫḫ
 sfḫḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sfḫḫ
 ḥr sfḫḫ
 m sfḫḫ
 r sfḫḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sfḫḫ.n
 sfḫḫw, sfḫḫ
 consecutive sfḫḫ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sfḫḫt
perfective3 sfḫḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 sfḫḫ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sfḫḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sfḫḫw, sfḫḫ, sfḫḫy
 sfḫḫw, sfḫḫ, sfḫḫy
 potentialis1 sfḫḫ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sfḫḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sfḫḫ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sfḫḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 —
 —
imperfective sfḫḫ, sfḫḫy, sfḫḫw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sfḫḫ, sfḫḫj6, sfḫḫy6
 sfḫḫ, sfḫḫw5
prospective sfḫḫ, sfḫḫtj7
 — sfḫḫwtj1 4, sfḫḫtj4, sfḫḫt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 162.
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