téigh
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish tíagu, téigi, téit (“I go, you go, (s)he goes”). Ulster Irish preserves the irregular third singular as téid or théid.
The past forms independant chuaigh and dependant deachaigh are from Old Irish do·coïd and Old Irish ·dechuid (“(s)he went”), respectively the deuterotonic and prototonic forms of augmented preterite of téit.
The future and conditional stems rach-/ragh- are from regaid (“(s)he will go”).
Pronunciation
Verb
téigh (present analytic téann, future analytic rachaidh, verbal noun dul, past participle dulta)
- go
- Chuaigh mé abhaile.
- I went home.
- Téigh trasna an bhóthair.
- Go across the road/Cross the road.
- 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:
- Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.
- A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.
Conjugation
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
in Munster, the future and conditional are built on the stem ragh-, and the second-person imperatives have different forms:
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
future | raghaidh mé; raghad |
raghaidh tú; raghair |
raghaidh sé, sí | raghaimid | raghaidh sibh | raghaidh siad; raghaid |
a raghaidh / a raghaidh* |
raghfar |
conditional | raghainn | raghfá | raghadh sé, sí | raghaimis | raghadh sibh | raghaidís | a raghadh / a raghadh* |
raghfaí |
imperative | téim | téir; téire |
téadh sé, sí | téimís | téigidh; téiridh |
téidís | — | téitear |
in Connemara, the future and conditional and second-person singular imperative are supplied by gabh. The second-person singular also has an alternative form built on the tei- stem, and the verbal noun and past participle are built on the stem go- (which may be etymologically identical to gabh):
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
future | gabhfaidh mé | gabhfaidh tú | gabhfaidh sé, sí | gabhfaidh muid | gabhfaidh sibh | gabhfaidh siad | a ghabhfaidh / a ngabhfaidh* |
gabhfar |
conditional | ghabhfainn / ngabhfainn‡‡ | ghabhfá / ngabhfᇇ | ghabhfadh sé, sí / ngabhfadh sé, s퇇 | ghabhfadh muid / ngabhfadh muid‡‡ | ghabhfadh sibh / ngabhfadh sibh‡‡ | ghabhfaidís / ngabhfaidís‡‡ | a ghabhfadh / a ngabhfadh* |
ghabhfaí / ngabhfa퇇 |
imperative | téim | gabh; téire |
téadh sé, sí | téimis | téigí | téidís | — | téitear |
verbal noun | goil | |||||||
past participle | goite |
in Ulster, an analytic present indicative form téid, théid exists alongside the standard form téann. In the past tense, the dependent forms begin with th- in leniting environments and dt- in eclipsing environments. In addition, alternative forms of the imperative (except the autonomous) are supplied by gabh, and the verbal noun is also built on the go- stem:
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative | téim | téann tú; téid/théid tú |
téann sé, sí; téid/théid sé, sí |
téimid; téann muid; téid/théid muid |
téann sibh; téid/théid sibh |
téann siad; téid/théid siad |
a théann; a théid / a dtéann*; a dtéid* |
téitear |
past dependent (lenited) | theachaigh mé | theachaigh tú | theachaigh sé, sí | theachaigh muid theachamar |
theachaigh sibh | theachaigh siad | a theachaigh* | theachthas |
past dependent (eclipsed) | dteachaigh mé | dteachaigh tú | dteachaigh sé, sí | dteachaigh muid dteachamar |
dteachaigh sibh | dteachaigh siad | a dteachaigh* | dteachthas |
imperative | téim; gabhaim |
téigh; gabh |
téadh sé, sí; gabhadh sé, sí |
téimis; gabhaimis |
téigí; gabhaigí |
téadh siad; gabhadh siad |
— | téithear |
verbal noun | goil |
Derived terms
- téigh ar gcúl
- téigh in airdeoga (“to become stuck up”)
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “téigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 téit (‘to go’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2
From Old Irish téigid (“warms, heats”).
Verb
téigh (present analytic téann, future analytic téifidh, verbal noun téamh, past participle téite) (transitive, intransitive)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | téim | téann tú; téir† |
téann sé, sí | téimid | téann sibh | téann siad; téid† |
a théann; a théas / a dtéann*; a dtéas* |
téitear |
past | théigh mé; théas | théigh tú; théis |
théigh sé, sí | théamar; théigh muid | théigh sibh; théabhair | théigh siad; théadar | a théigh / ar théigh* |
téadh | |
past habitual | théinn / dtéinn‡‡ | théiteá / dtéiteᇇ | théadh sé, sí / dtéadh sé, s퇇 | théimis; théadh muid / dtéimis‡‡; dtéadh muid‡‡ | théadh sibh / dtéadh sibh‡‡ | théidís; théadh siad / dtéidís‡‡; dtéadh siad‡‡ | a théadh / a dtéadh* |
théití / dtéit퇇 | |
future | téifidh mé; téifead |
téifidh tú; téifir† |
téifidh sé, sí | téifimid; téifidh muid |
téifidh sibh | téifidh siad; téifid† |
a théifidh; a théifeas / a dtéifidh*; a dtéifeas* |
téifear | |
conditional | théifinn / dtéifinn‡‡ | théifeá / dtéifeᇇ | théifeadh sé, sí / dtéifeadh sé, s퇇 | théifimis; théifeadh muid / dtéifimis‡‡; dtéifeadh muid‡‡ | théifeadh sibh / dtéifeadh sibh‡‡ | théifidís; théifeadh siad / dtéifidís‡‡; dtéifeadh siad‡‡ | a théifeadh / a dtéifeadh* |
théifí / dtéif퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go dté mé; go dtéad† |
go dté tú; go dtéir† |
go dté sé, sí | go dtéimid; go dté muid |
go dté sibh | go dté siad; go dtéid† |
— | go dtéitear |
past | dá dtéinn | dá dtéiteá | dá dtéadh sé, sí | dá dtéimis; dá dtéadh muid |
dá dtéadh sibh | dá dtéidís; dá dtéadh siad |
— | dá dtéití | |
imperative | téim | téigh | téadh sé, sí | téimis | téigí; téidh† |
téidís | — | téitear | |
verbal noun | téamh | ||||||||
past participle | téite |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “téigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “téigid (‘to warm, heat’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
téigh | théigh | dtéigh |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 35
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 62