zfṯ

See also: zft

Egyptian

Related to zf (“to slaughter, cut up”), zft (“sword, knife”).

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛfɛt͡ʃ/
- Conventional anglicization: zefetj

3-lit.

(transitive) to slaughter, to butcher (animals) [since the Old Kingdom]
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 144–146:
  
  zft.j n.k kꜣw m zj n sḏt wšn.n.j n.k ꜣpdw
  I will slaughter bulls for you as a burnt offering, having wrung the necks of birds for you.
(transitive) to kill (enemies) in battle [since the New Kingdom]

Conjugation of zfṯ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zfṯ, geminated stem: zfṯṯ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
zfṯ	zfṯw, zfṯ	zfṯt	zfṯ	zfṯ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
zfṯ	ḥr zfṯ	m zfṯ	r zfṯ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	zfṯ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	zfṯ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zfṯ	zfṯ, zfṯw⁵, zfṯy⁵
imperfective	zfṯ, zfṯy, zfṯw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zfṯ, zfṯj⁶, zfṯy⁶	zfṯ, zfṯw⁵
prospective	zfṯ, zfṯtj⁷	—	zfṯtj⁴, zfṯt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zfṯ

zft

[since the Middle Kingdom]

m

Declension of zfṯ (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zfṯ

sft

[New Kingdom]

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 443.15–444.2
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 225
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 332.

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