I've been performing many web searches using combinations of the words "vaccine", "vaccination", "COVID-19", "coronavirus", "efficacy", and "effectiveness", and have yet to find anything that provides an accurate answer to the following question:
When a vaccine manufacturer states that their vaccine is "95% effective", does that mean:
A. 100% of people receiving the vaccine during studies developed antibodies from the vaccine, but 5% still got sick. (Which, I think, would actually mean it is less than "95% effective" because not everyone would get exposed to the virus that causes the illness.)
(or)
B. 95% (or less) of the study participants receiving the vaccine developed antibodies from the vaccine, therefore 5% of the people who received it still got sick.
Which is it (or is it something else), and if it is "A", is my parenthetical understanding correct?
Although my interest lies predominantly regarding COVID-19 vaccines, I think this question is general enough that it could apply to any vaccination.