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As part of doing some cold cache timings, I'm trying to free the OS cache. The kernel documentation (retrieved January 2019) says:

drop_caches

Writing to this will cause the kernel to drop clean caches, as well as
reclaimable slab objects like dentries and inodes.  Once dropped, their
memory becomes free.

To free pagecache:
    echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
To free reclaimable slab objects (includes dentries and inodes):
    echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
To free slab objects and pagecache:
    echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

This is a non-destructive operation and will not free any dirty objects.
To increase the number of objects freed by this operation, the user may run
`sync' prior to writing to /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.  This will minimize the
number of dirty objects on the system and create more candidates to be
dropped.

This file is not a means to control the growth of the various kernel caches
(inodes, dentries, pagecache, etc...)  These objects are automatically
reclaimed by the kernel when memory is needed elsewhere on the system.

Use of this file can cause performance problems.  Since it discards cached
objects, it may cost a significant amount of I/O and CPU to recreate the
dropped objects, especially if they were under heavy use.  Because of this,
use outside of a testing or debugging environment is not recommended.

You may see informational messages in your kernel log when this file is
used:

    cat (1234): drop_caches: 3

These are informational only.  They do not mean that anything is wrong
with your system.  To disable them, echo 4 (bit 3) into drop_caches.

I'm a bit sketchy about the details. Running

echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

frees pagecache, dentries and inodes. Ok.

So, if I want the system to start caching normally again, do I need to reset it to 0 first? My system has the value currently set to 0, which I assume is the default. Or will it reset on its own? I see at least two possibilities here, and I'm not sure which one is true:

  1. echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches frees pagecache, dentries and inodes. The system then immediately starts caching again. I'm not sure what I would expect the value in /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches to do if this is the case. Go back to 0 almost immediately?

  2. If /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches is set to 3, the system does not do any memory caching till it is reset to 0.

Which case is true?

Faheem Mitha
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    To use it with sudo: echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches – Volker Siegel Aug 03 '14 at 22:40
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    Holy cow! @VolkerSiegel I've been scrubbing the Interwebs for hours and randomly found your comment. Tried it and it worked perfectly! Thanks for adding this little trick. I don't want to hijack this question but if it's not inappropriate, I'd like to ask for explanation. When I use sshpass with sudo -i && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, I get an error: stdin: is not a tty. Using your "sudo" method works. Why? – harperville Feb 26 '16 at 15:57
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    @harperville Ask a question; this is almost certainly an unrelated issue. – Faheem Mitha Feb 26 '16 at 16:36
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    @harperville Yes - that is a very good question - with an interesting answer, Do ask it separately! Then let me know here. Or you want me to ask the question myself and then answer it? – Volker Siegel Feb 26 '16 at 16:57
  • I know this is ages old but for posterity: @harperville I suspect you're actually piping the ssh command to /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches on your local system, which means you'll (if successful, no idea how it behaves with arbitrary input) drop caches on the host you're SSHing from, if at all. Inputting sudo password over SSH is a bit more involved, but doable. – Legogris Nov 13 '20 at 15:44
  • Use with sudo sync && sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" – kaliko Feb 04 '21 at 08:25
  • what does it mean (if anything) if this command hangs at 100% cpu usage (on one core)? – Dave Ankin Jul 17 '22 at 06:00

2 Answers2

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It isn't sticky - you just write to the file to make it drop the caches and then it immediately starts caching again.

Basically when you write to that file you aren't really changing a setting, you are issuing a command to the kernel. The kernel acts on that command (by dropping the caches) then carries on as before.

TomH
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It is not sticky as said in above. You can use below command as well to clean (along with "sync" as mentioned in the manual):

sudo sh -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
AdminBee
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Pavan
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