How do I get the size of a directory on the command line?

Question

I tried to obtain the size of a directory (containing directories and sub directories) by using the ls command with option l. It seems to work for files (ls -l file name), but if I try to get the size of a directory (for instance, ls -l /home), I get only 4096 bytes, although altogether it is much bigger.

Answer 1

du -sh file_path

Explanation

• du (disc usage) command estimates file_path space usage

• The options -sh are (from man du):

    -s, --summarize
           display only a total for each argument
  
    -h, --human-readable
           print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
  

  To check more than one directory and see the total, use du -sch:

    -c, --total
           produce a grand total
  

Answer 2

Just use the du command:

du -sh -- *

will give you the cumulative disk usage of all non-hidden directories, files etc in the current directory in human-readable format.

You can use the df command to know the free space in the filesystem containing the directory:

df -h .

Answer 3

du is your friend. If you just want to know the total size of a directory then jump into it and run:

du -hs

If you also would like to know which sub-folders take up how much disk space?! You could extend this command to:

du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr

which will give you the size of all sub-folders (level 1). The output will be sorted (largest folder on top).

Answer 4

du can be complicated to use since you have to seemingly pass 100 arguments to get decent output. And figuring out the size of hidden folders is even tougher.

Make your life easy and use ncdu.

You get per folder summaries that are easily browsable.

Answer 5

Others have mentioned du, but I would also like to mention Ncdu -- which is an ncurses version of du and provides interactivity: You can explore the directory hierarchy directly and see the sizes of subdirectories.

Answer 6

The du command shows the disk usage of the file.

The -h option shows results in human-readable form (e.g., 4k, 5M, 3G).

du -h (file name)

Answer 7

df -h .; du -sh -- * | sort -hr

This shows how much disk space you have left on the current drive and then tells you how much every file/directory takes up. e.g.,

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb2       206G  167G   29G  86% /
115M    node_modules
2.1M    examples
68K     src
4.0K    webpack.config.js
4.0K    README.md
4.0K    package.json

Answer 8

All of the above examples will tell you the size of the data on disk (i.e. the amount of disk space a particular file is using, which is usually larger than the actual file size). There are some situations where these will not give you an accurate report, if the data is not actually stored on this particular disk and only inode references exist.

In your example, you have used ls -l on a single file, which will have returned the file's actual size, NOT its size on disk.

If you want to know the actual file sizes, add the -b option to du.

du -csbh .

Answer 9

personally I think this is best, if you don't want to use ncdu

# du -sh ./*

Answer 10

In order to get the total size of files under a directory, you can select the type by find

• For files only:

  find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 stat -c %s | awk '{total+=$1} END {printf("%.0f\n",total)}'
  

• For everything but directories (files + symlinks + sockets + fifos + devices + ...):

  find -not -type d -print0 | xargs -0 stat -c %s | awk '{total+=$1} END {printf("%.0f\n",total)}'
  

Why not use du?

The du command is easier but it will count all types of files, and you don't have an option to change it. For example, assuming the current directory has a file, an empty dir and a symlink:

$ ls -AlF
total 8,192
-rw-r--r-- 1 nordic nordic    29 Mar 28 19:05 abc
drwxr-xr-x 2 nordic nordic 4,096 Mar 28 19:06 gogo/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nordic nordic     3 Mar 28 19:06 s_gogo -> abc
$ find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 stat -c %s | awk '{total+=$1} END {printf("%.0f\n",total)}'
29
$ du -sb
8224    .

Answer 11

Here is a function for your .bash_aliases

# du with mount exclude and sort
function dusort () {
    DIR=$(echo $1 | sed 's#\/$##')
    du -scxh $(mount | awk '{print $3}' | sort | uniq \
     | sed 's#/# --  exclude=/#') $DIR/* | sort -h
}

sample output:

$ dusort /
...
0       /mnt  
0       /sbin
0       /srv
4,0K    /tmp
728K    /home
23M     /etc
169M    /boot  
528M    /root
1,4G    /usr
3,3G    /var
4,3G    /opt
9,6G    total

for subdirs:

$ dusort .
$ dusort /var/log/

Answer 12

I use this command as root:

sudo ls -1d */ | sudo xargs -I{} du {} -sh && sudo du -sh

Answer 13

One more variant:

du -h --max-dep=1

Answer 14

Note that du prints the space that a directory occupy on the media which is usually bigger than just the total size of all files in the directory, because du takes into account the size of all auxiliary information that is stored on the media to organize the directory in compliance with file system format.

If the file system is compressible, then du may output even smaller number than the total size of all files, because files may be internally compressed by the file system and so they take less space on the media than just uncompressed information they contain. Same if there are sparse files.

if there are hard links in the directory, then du may print smaller value as well because several different files in the directory refer the same data on the media.

To get the straightforward total size of all files in the directory, the following one-line shell expression can be used (assuming a GNU system):

find . ! -type d -print0 | xargs -r0 stat -c %s | paste -sd+ - | bc

or even shorter:

find . ! -type d -printf '%s\n' | paste -sd+ - | bc

It just sums sizes of all non-directory files in the directory (and its subdirectories recursively) one by one. Note that for symlinks, it reports the size of the symlink (not of the file the symlink points to).

Answer 15

You can use

du -sh directory/

and

du -sh filename

to know the space occupied by the folder or file.

df -h

will show the disk usage in human readable format -h does that.

There is also a gui based program called Disk Usage Analyzer.

Answer 16

Here is a POSIX script that will work with:

• A file
• Files
• A directory
• Directories

ls -A -R -g -o "$@" | awk '{n1 += $3} END {print n1}'