If I want to shut down my machine programmatically or on the terminal, I must do sudo poweroff or sudo shutdown. If I want to shut down my machine through my window manager and desktop environment, I navigate to my application menu and click "shut down". This does not require my password. How is this implemented?
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JesseTG
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3Exactly how it is implemented may depend on what GUI (desktop session) and distribution you are using, but see for example How does gnome reboot without root privileges? and its related questions – steeldriver Apr 16 '16 at 16:20