I am using tmux, and recently found out that the same vim colorshemes inside and outside of tmux have different colors
Left is tmux in gnome-terminal, right is plain gnome-terminal, gnome-terminal has default colors:

EDIT: At closer look, the style does change too (look at bold etc).
Both terminals are 256-colored ones (gnome-terminal indicates himself as xterm-256color, tmux as tmux-256color, see ncurses-term package), vim sees that too (:set t_Co gives 256).
I compared their color representations via
for i in `seq 0 255` ; do echo -e "$i: \e[48;5;${i}m \e[0m"; done
And got the same palettes:
I think tmux should just pass these colors to gnome-terminal, but when why vim changes?
Can I fix this? I think gnome-terminal ones are better, and want tmux to use them.

desertcolorsheme instead ofdefault, see my answer. – Lapshin Dmitry May 29 '16 at 11:17