I've got Debian 8.5 running on top of Chrome OS, I plug in my Galaxy On5 and ChromeOS recognizes it instantly, Debian doesn't. I have mtp tools installed, and when I run mtp-detect I get the following output:
Unable to open ~/.mtpz-data for reading, MTPZ disabled.
libmtp version: 1.1.8
Listing raw device(s)
Device 0 (VID=04e8 and PID=6860) is a Samsung Galaxy models (MTP).
Found 1 device(s):
Samsung: Galaxy models (MTP) (04e8:6860) @ bus 1, dev 10
Attempting to connect device(s)
ignoring libusb_claim_interface() = -6PTP_ERROR_IO: failed to open
session, trying again after resetting USB interface
LIBMTP libusb: Attempt to reset device
inep: usb_get_endpoint_status(): No such device
outep: usb_get_endpoint_status(): No such device
libusb_open() failed!: No such device
LIBMTP PANIC: Could not init USB on second attempt
Unable to open raw device 0
OK.