I need to do a destructive (rw) test on a new drive, and a read-only on a drive that fell out of my RAID array. I want to see if it finds problems and how far along it is.
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Let /dev/sda
be the new drive on which to test destructive-rw and /dev/sdb
the old drive where you want non-destructive-r
# badblocks -wsv /dev/sda
# badblocks -sv /dev/sdb
-s
gives the process indicator
-v
gives verbose output
-w
enables destructive read-write
-n
would be non-destructive read-write
Read-only testing is the default and doesn't need special parameters.

fschmitt
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mke2fs
ore2fsck
to make those tools aware of which blocks are broken. – tante Oct 21 '10 at 12:30