The overlayfs documentation states that "if the underlying filesystem is changed, the behavior of the overlay is undefined, though it will not result in a crash or deadlock."
And, indeed, I've observed that when I make changes to the lowerdir in an overlay mount, strange stuff happens. However, if I remount afterwards, the problems seem to be fixed.
If I ignore the documentation's advice and modify the underlying filesystem online, will mount -oremount merged
necessarily fix any issues caused by doing so?
(Yes, yes, I know the documentation says "changes to the underlying filesystems while part of a mounted overlay filesystem are not allowed" (emphasis mine), but I've heard otherwise.)