"Is there any way to repair Linux?"
Technically, yes. How much time and effort do you want to put in?
Realistically, it depends on how much damage was done before the Ctrl-C. Unless you have backups, or this is a VM with snapshots, or you have a root filesystem like ZFS that has snapshots that you can roll back, it's unlikely that you'll be able to recovery without a significant level of effort.
Your first step should be to boot from a LiveCD type media. In this way, you can mount your various filesystems, and start investigating what's missing. Until you know how severe the damage is, you can't know the extent to which you'll need to go to fix it.
If you managed to interrupt the rm
quickly enough, then it's possible that all that's missing is a few critical libraries (is anyone that lucky?), and you may find that simply copying files from the LiveCD back into your filesystems may be sufficient to allow you to boot. It may take some experimentation to succeed. If the damage is extensive, you'll potentially learn a lot, especially if you have to remake all the device trees under /dev. Also making sure that things that are supposed to be links are copied as links, and such. Good times.
More than likely you will need to just reinstall your system. At least the LiveCD method will allow you to copy off any data that did survive.