How to accept input with spaces from command line in bash script

Question

Currently I am having a bash script in which I accept input from the command line, but the input is with spaces and the bash script is not reading the word after the space. The script is something like this

#!/bin/bash
var1=$1
var2=$2
echo $var1
echo $var2

Suppose I save this file as test.sh. Now my input is something like this -

./test.sh hi check1,hello world

and the output is -

hi
check1,hello

but I need the output as

hi
check,hello world

PS: I cannot provide the inputs in double quotes so I need some other solution where I can read the word with spaces

Answer 1

That's not possible. The word splitting of the arguments happens before the script is run, so when it starts, the arguments have already been split into words. Read about "word-splitting" in man bash to learn more about the details.

If you know there will be 2 arguments and the first one will never contain spaces, you can workaround it somehow with

#! /bin/bash
first=$1
shift
rest="$*"
printf '<%s>\n' "$first" "$rest"

But it will still shrink multiple spaces into one.

Answer 2

As @choroba correctly stated you can't do that, at least not out of the box.

The reason is: the shell will, before executing anything, parse the commandline, This is a process which takes place in several well-defined steps. One of these steps is the "field splitting", where the shell splits the input line into various pieces. Consider:

command arg1 arg2

Somehow the shell has to determine that "command" is the command and "arg1" is the first argument and "arg2" is the second argument, no? There has to be a reason why "arg1" is the first argument and not "arg1 arg2" or why "command" is the command and not "command arg1", etc..

No, having said this, there are two things which influence how this splitting is done: the (shell-)variables IFS and OFS. IFS (the "internal field separator") is a list of characters which - if unmasked will separate fields. In the above example, "arg1" is separated from "arg2" and "command" by a blank - which is part of the IFS.

You can set the IFS yourself to any character (or even an empty string) but per default (stated in the POSIX documents) it is set to "blank", "tab" and "linefeed". For more information see Understanding IFS.

After this rather lengthy general introduction what does that mean for your problem?

1. You can influence how the field-splitting is done by manipulating the IFS, but you would need to do that before your script is starting, i.e.:

    % SAVIFS="$IFS" ; export IFS=""
    % /path/to/your/script arg1 arg2 ...
    % IFS="$SAVIFS"

2. You can do the field splitting inside your script and according to your own rules. For this you capture all the arguments into one string and split that up yourself:

    #! /bin/bash
    chArgs="$*"
    arg1=""
    arg1=""
    [...]
    shopt -s lastpipe
    # split the contents of $chArgs here, as an example:
    echo "$chArgs" | IFS=' ' read arg1 arg2
    printf "%s\n%s\n" "$arg1" "$arg2"
   OR, just to show how it works:
   echo "$chArgs" | IFS=',' read arg1 arg2
    printf "%s\n%s\n" "$arg1" "$arg2"

Notice, however, that you always need to observe proper quoting when dealing with strings - especially string that could contain characters from the IFS. In your example:

#!/bin/bash
var1=$1
var2=$2
echo $var1
echo $var2

This proper quoting is missing and i suppose this is a(n additional) reason why it didn't work as you expected it to work. Try:

#!/bin/bash
var1="$1"
var2="$2"
echo "$var1"
echo "$var2"