Performing tasks in parallel, to make use of multiple processors
Parallelism, or parallelization, or parallel computing, means making use of multiple processors to complete a task more quickly than on a single processor.
For using multiple threads when the presence of more than one processor is irrelevant, use multithreading or concurrency instead. For parallelism over multiple machines, and not just over multiple processors in the same machine, use cluster in addition to or instead of this tag.
gnu-parallel is a common tool for parallel execution.