ŋ⁵⁵

A'ou

Alternative forms

Noun

ŋ⁵⁵

  1. (Hongfeng) water

References

  • He Yancheng [何彦诚], Sketch of Hongfeng Gelao [红丰仡佬语概况], (2008, Minzu Yuwen), ABVD, explicitly noted as differing from Zhou's transcription (which was ŋ³⁵)

Pela

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ŋ⁵⁵/, [ŋ⁵⁵] ~ [ŋŋ̍⁵⁵]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Jingpho ngu (to say; quotative particle), possibly via Zaiwa ngvu. Compare with Lhao Vo ein꞉.

Verb

ŋ⁵⁵

  1. to say
    Synonym: ti̠³⁵
  2. to think (that), to consider (that)
    Synonyms: mjɔt³¹, sɔn³⁵
    ŋa⁵⁵ ŋ³¹ ʒɛ³¹, jɔ̃³¹ njɔ̠̃³¹ na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ ɛʔ⁵⁵ i³¹ nji³¹ kɔ̠n³¹ nau⁵¹ a³⁵.
    It seems to me (lit. I think) that he wants to have fun with us.
  3. to be (thus)
    Synonym: ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵
    a³¹ su⁵⁵ a³¹ ŋ⁵⁵
    It is not like that.
Derived terms
  • ŋ⁵⁵ jaŋ³¹ (for; in order to)

Etymology 2

Grammaticalised from Etymology 1.

Particle

ŋ⁵⁵

  1. (used with a first person subject) quotative marker, similar to that in English
    ŋa⁵⁵ jɔ̃³¹ ʒɛ³¹ ja̠p⁵⁵ ta̠³¹ nə̆ vɛ³¹ ŋ³¹ tə̠i³⁵ vɛ³¹.
    I told him that I was already about to sleep.
    ŋa⁵⁵ a³¹ nɔ̃⁵⁵ pji³¹.njɛ³¹ a⁵⁵ lauʔ⁵¹ ŋ⁵⁵.
    I thought that it was you who graduates.
Usage notes

The verb of utterance is usually omitted. For quotations from someone else other than the current speaker, kɛ³⁵ is used instead.

  • pɛ̠⁵⁵ tʃuŋ⁵¹ kɛ³¹ ɔ⁵¹?What did you say?
    jɔ̃³¹ na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ lai³¹ nə̆ vŭ ka̠³⁵ kɛ³¹.They say that they are already coming.

References

  • Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing)
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