ḫꜣm

See also: ḥꜣm

Egyptian

3-lit.

(transitive) to bend (one’s arms or back) as a sign of reverence [since the Middle Kingdom]
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 86–88:
  
  ꜥḥꜥ.n wšb.n.j n.f st ꜥwj.j ḫꜣm(.w) m bꜣḥ.f ḏd.j n.f
  Then I answered him this, my arms bowed before him, saying to him: […]
(intransitive) to bow down in reverence [since the Middle Kingdom]
(transitive, Late Egyptian) to hold on to, to keep in one’s possession
(transitive, Late Egyptian) to succeed in

Conjugation of ḫꜣm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫꜣm, geminated stem: ḫꜣmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḫꜣm	ḫꜣmw, ḫꜣm	ḫꜣmt	ḫꜣm	ḫꜣm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḫꜣm	ḥr ḫꜣm	m ḫꜣm	r ḫꜣm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫꜣm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ḫꜣm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḫꜣm	ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmw⁵, ḫꜣmy⁵
imperfective	ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmy, ḫꜣmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmj⁶, ḫꜣmy⁶	ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmw⁵
prospective	ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmtj⁷	—	ḫꜣmtj⁴, ḫꜣmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜣm

ḫꜣm

ẖꜣm

ḫꜣm

[Middle Kingdom]

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 231.2–231.12
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 184

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