to bore through; pierce; perforate to bore through; pierce; perforate; penetrate; pass through; to dress; to wear; to put on; to thread |
chisel | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (穿鑿) | 穿 | 鑿 | |
| simp. (穿凿) | 穿 | 凿 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 穿 | 鑿 | 鑿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) | 東 (3) | 唐 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I | I |
| Fanqie | 昌緣切 | 昨木切 | 在各切 |
| Baxter | tsyhwen | dzuwk | dzak |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/ | /d͡zuk̚/ | /d͡zɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕʰʷiɛn/ | /d͡zuk̚/ | /d͡zɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕʰjuæn/ | /d͡zuk̚/ | /d͡zɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cʰwian/ | /d͡zəwk̚/ | /d͡zak̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕʰiuɛn/ | /d͡zuk̚/ | /d͡zɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕʰĭwɛn/ | /d͡zuk̚/ | /d͡zɑk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn/ | /d͡zʱuk̚/ | /d͡zʱɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chuān | zú | zuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
cyun1 | zuk6 | zok6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 穿 | 鑿 | 鑿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chuān | záo | záo |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyhwen › | ‹ dzak › | ‹ dzowk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tʰo[n]/ | /*[dz]ˁawk/ | /*[dz]ˁawk/ |
| English | bore through | chisel | chisel |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 穿 | 鑿 | 鑿 | 鑿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 1638 | 18072 | 18073 | 18074 |
| Phonetic component |
穿 | 丵 | 丵 | 丵 |
| Rime group |
元 | 藥 | 藥 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
穿 | 昨 | 昨 | 族 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰljon/ | /*zoːwɢ/ | /*zoːwɢ/ | /*zoːwɢ/ |