ꜥꜣ

Egyptian

Adverb

  1. here
  2. (less common) there
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣ  


ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣy ꜥꜣ
See also
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners pronouns1 adverbs
number singular dual plural unmarked
gender masculine feminine masculine feminine masculine feminine unmarked
proximal to speaker pn
 tn, jtn
 *jpnj
 *jptnj
 jpn
 jptn
 nn
 —
distal pf
 tf
 *jpfj
 *jptfj
 jpf
 jptf
 nf
 —
proximal to spoken of pj, pw, py, p
 tj, tw, jtw
 jpwj
 *jptwj
 jpw
 jptw
 nw
 —
vocative pꜣ
 tꜣ
 —
 —
 —
 —
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
determiners and pronouns adverbs
number singular plural1
gender masculine feminine unmarked
proximal pn
 tn
 nn
 ꜥn
distal pf, pfꜣ
 tf, tfꜣ
 nf, nfꜣ
 ꜥf
‘copula’; vocative pw, pwy
 tw, twy
 nw
 —
anaphoric pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine feminine plural adverb
pronoun pꜣw
 dj
determiners and pronouns pꜣj
 tꜣj
 nꜣj
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) pꜣy
 tꜣy
 nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) p-n, pꜣ
 t-nt, tꜣ
 nꜣyw, nꜣ
definite articles pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ1
indefinite articles wꜥ1
 nhꜣy1
  1. Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

Pronunciation
 
  • (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ʕaʀ/ → /ʕaʀ/ → /ʕaʔ/ → /ʕaʔ/

Adjective

  1. perfective active participle of ꜥꜣj: big, great, important
    Synonym: wr
Inflection
Declension of ꜥꜣ (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular ꜥꜣ
 ꜥꜣt
dual ꜥꜣwj
 ꜥꜣtj
plural ꜥꜣw
 ꜥꜣwt1, ꜥꜣt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Along with bjn and nfr, ꜥꜣ is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).[2]

Alternative forms

See under the main verb.

Derived terms

See under the main verb.

Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟ (o), ⲱ (ō)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁ (a)
  • Old Coptic: ⲟ (o), ⲱ (ō), ⲁ- (a-)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟ (o), ⲱ (ō), ⲟⲩ (ou)

Noun

 m

  1. greatness; prestige and power or importance [since Middle Kingdom literature]
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 139–140:



      sḏd.j bꜣw.k n jtj dj.j sšꜣ.f m ꜥꜣ.k
      I will recount your ba-power to the sovereign and make him aware of your greatness.
  2. a great deed (done to someone)
Inflection
Declension of ꜥꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥꜣ
dual ꜥꜣwj
plural ꜥꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣ  
ꜥꜣ
Derived terms
  • m ꜥꜣ (“boastfully”)

Noun

 m

  1. distinguished or respected person or god, great one
  2. older person, elder
  3. (in titles) leader, head (of something)
Inflection
Declension of ꜥꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥꜣ
dual ꜥꜣwj
plural ꜥꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣ  
ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ
Derived terms
Descendants

(Compounded with nj (“of”):)

  • ⇒ Demotic: ꜥꜣ n
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛ- (an-)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛ- (an-)

Etymology 3

Possibly onomatopoeic, from the animal’s cry (hee-haw).

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjaːʕaʀ/ → /ˈjaːʕaʀ/ → /ˈjaːʕə/ → /joːʕ/

Noun

 m

  1. ass, donkey
Inflection
Declension of ꜥꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥꜣ
dual ꜥꜣwj
plural ꜥꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣ  
ꜥꜣ
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Demotic: ꜥꜣ
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲓⲟⲩ (iou)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱ (iō), ⲉⲱ (eō), ⲓⲁⲱ (iaō)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲱ (iō)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō), ⲓⲱ (iō), ⲉⲉⲓⲱ (eeiō), ⲉⲓⲟⲩ (eiou), ⲉⲱ (eō), ⲉⲟⲩ (eou), ⲓⲁⲱ (iaō)

Noun


 m

  1. doorleaf, single door
  2. (in the dual) double door
  3. sarcophagus lid
Inflection
Declension of ꜥꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥꜣ
dual ꜥꜣwj
plural ꜥꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣ  



ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ
Derived terms

Noun


 m

  1. column, pillar
  2. part of a ship: mast?
Inflection
Declension of ꜥꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥꜣ
dual ꜥꜣwj
plural ꜥꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣ  

ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 57
  2. Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66
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