봄
| ||||||||||
| 보복볶볷본볹볺 볻볼볽볾볿봀봁 봂봃봄봅봆봇봈 봉봊봋봌봍봎봏 | |
| 볘 ← | → 봐 |
|---|---|
Jeju
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /po̞m/
Korean
Etymology 1
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 봄〮 (Yale: pwóm). The etymology beyond Middle Korean is not clear:
- Middle Korean nouns ending in /-m/ are often substantives of verbs, but the only relevant verb is 보다〮 (Yale: pwò-tá, “to see”), which seems semantically unrelated.
- Some online sources claim a connection to the element 봄 (Yale: pwom) in the Middle Korean compound verb 봄놀다 (Yale: pwom-nwolta, “to romp; to spring about in play”), whose second element is 놀〯다〮 (Yale: nwǒltá, “to play”). If valid, the semantics would be similar to English spring. It is not clear whether this has been suggested in academia.
- However, it appears more likely that 봄 (Yale: pwom) is an allomorph of 봅 (pwop-), nasalized by the following /n/, as indicated by the variant spelling 봅놀다 (pwopnwolta); compare ablaut variant 붑괴다 (Yale: pwup-kwoyta, “to seethe”).[1]
- It has been tentatively proposed that this is an ancient pre-Sino-Korean borrowing from Old Chinese 芃 (OC *[b]ˤ[o]m, “luxuriant growth (of foliage)”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [po̞m]
- Phonetic hangul: [봄]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | bom |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | bom |
| McCune–Reischauer? | pom |
| Yale Romanization? | pom |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 봄의 / 봄에 / 봄까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Coordinate terms
| Seasons in Korean · 사철 (四철, sacheol), 사계 (四季, sagye, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 봄 (bom, “spring”) | 여름 (yeoreum, “summer”) | 가을 (ga'eul, “fall; autumn”) | 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”) |
Derived terms
- 봄가뭄 (bomgamum, “spring drought”)
- 봄갈이 (bomgari, “spring tilling, ploughing”)
- 봄나물 (bomnamul, “spring greens”)
- 봄날 (bomnal, “spring day”)
- 봄날씨 (bomnalssi, “spring weather”)
- 봄눈 (bomnun, “spring snow”)
- 봄바람 (bombaram, “spring breeze”)
- 봄비 (bombi, “spring rain”)
- 봄빛 (bombit, “spring scenery”)
- 봄철 (bomcheol, “springtime”)
Etymology 2
See the main entry.
References
- 박진호(朴鎭浩) [bakjinho] (2009 September 30) “'봄놀다'와 '붑괴다'에 대한 어원론적 형태 분석 [bomnolda wa bupgoeda e daehan eowollonjeok hyeongtae bunseok]”, in Hyeongtaeron (in Korean), volume 2, number 2, pages 209—214
- 김태경 [gimtaegyeong] (2014 December) “상고 중국어 음운현상에서 본 한국어 어원 [sanggo junggugeo eumunhyeonsang'eseo bon han'gugeo eowon]”, in Junggugeo Munhak Nonjip, volume 89, pages 71—90
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