Reconstruction:Latin/tiro

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin

Etymology

Contested. Only attested in the Romance languages. Corominas viewed this word as “one of the obscurest matters in neo-Latin etymology, so much so as to be considered insoluble”.[1]

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tir-, *teraną (“to tear, tear away, rip or snatch off, pull violently, tug”).
Possibly a reduction of Latin *martyrāre, from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus).[2]
Possibly from a Greek verb transcribed as τείρω (teírō, “to wear out, rub”).[3]
Possibly from Latin *trare (“drag”), in turn from Latin trahere; or from the latter directly.[4]
Possibly from an Old Persian form ‘*tīr’ meaning ‘an arrow’; see modern Persian .[5] This is very unlikely.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtiro/

Verb

*tīrō (present infinitive *tīrāre, perfect active *tīrāvī, supine *tīrātum); first conjugation (Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)

to pull, draw, kick, bend
to throw, shoot, drag, toss, roll

Descendants

Asturian: tirar
Friulian: tirâ
Italian: tirare
Old French: tirer
- Middle French: tirer
  - French: tirer
- → Middle English: tiren
- ⇒ Old French: retirer
  - Middle French: retirer
    - French: retirer
  - → Middle English: retiren
    - English: retire
Old Galician-Portuguese: tirar
- Galician: tirar
- Portuguese: tirar
Old Occitan:
- Catalan: tirar
- Occitan: tirar
Old Spanish: tirar
- Spanish: tirar
Sicilian: tirari
Venetian: tirar

References

Cortelazzo and Zolli.
Cortelazzo and Zolli, citing G. Serra; Petit Robert.
Cortelazzo and Zolli, citing Battisti and Alessio, DEI.
Cortelazzo and Zolli, citing several authorities.
Edward A. Roberts. The second of the two meanings is primary in Spanish; the first in French and Italian

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[1] Cortelazzo and Zolli.

[2] Cortelazzo and Zolli, citing G. Serra; Petit Robert.

[3] Cortelazzo and Zolli, citing Battisti and Alessio, DEI.

[4] Cortelazzo and Zolli, citing several authorities.

[5] Edward A. Roberts. The second of the two meanings is primary in Spanish; the first in French and Italian