< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þweraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)twérH-e-ti, from *(s)twerH- (“to stir; to propel”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈθwe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þweraną[1][2][3]

  1. to swirl, turn, stir

Inflection
Conjugation of *þweraną (strong class 4)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwerō*þweraų—*þwerai ?
2nd singular *þwirizi*þweraiz*þwer*þwerazai*þweraizau
3rd singular *þwiridi*þwerai*þweradau*þweradai*þweraidau
1st dual *þwerōz*þweraiw———
2nd dual *þweradiz*þweraidiz*þweradiz——
1st plural *þweramaz*þweraim—*þwerandai*þweraindau
2nd plural *þwirid*þweraid*þwirid*þwerandai*þweraindau
3rd plural *þwerandi*þwerain*þwerandau*þwerandai*þweraindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwar*þwērį̄
2nd singular *þwart*þwērīz
3rd singular *þwar*þwērī
1st dual *þwērū*þwērīw
2nd dual *þwērudiz*þwērīdiz
1st plural *þwērum*þwērīm
2nd plural *þwērud*þwērīd
3rd plural *þwērun*þwērīn
present past
participles *þwerandz*þuranaz

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *þweran
    • Old English: þweran
    • Old Saxon: *thweran
      • Middle Low German: dwēren
    • Old High German: *dweran, *tweran
      • Middle High German: dweren, dwërn, tweren, twërn
  • Old Norse: *þwera

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þweran-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 555
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*þweranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 432
  3. Seebold, Elmar (1970) “ÞWER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 528
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