Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bitōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *bitô (“piece, bit, chunk”) +‎ *-ōną,[1] or of iterative origin.[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbi.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bitōną[1]

to cut into bits
to crunch, gnash

Inflection

Conjugation of *bitōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bitō	*bitǭ	—	*bitōi	?
2nd singular	*bitōsi	*bitōs	*bitō	*bitōsai	*bitōsau
3rd singular	*bitōþi	*bitō	*bitōþau	*bitōþai	*bitōþau
1st dual	*bitōs	*bitōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bitōþiz	*bitōþiz	*bitōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bitōmaz	*bitōm	—	*bitōnþai	*bitōnþau
2nd plural	*bitōþ	*bitōþ	*bitōþ	*bitōnþai	*bitōnþau
3rd plural	*bitōnþi	*bitōn	*bitōnþau	*bitōnþai	*bitōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bitōdǭ	*bitōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*bitōdēz	*bitōdēdīz
3rd singular	*bitōdē	*bitōdēdī
1st dual	*bitōdēdū	*bitōdēdīw
2nd dual	*bitōdēdudiz	*bitōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*bitōdēdum	*bitōdēdīm
2nd plural	*bitōdēdud	*bitōdēdīd
3rd plural	*bitōdēdun	*bitōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bitōndz	*bitōdaz

Related terms

*bītaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bitōn
- Old English: *bitian
  - ⇒ Old English: gristbitian
    - Middle English: grisbiten, grysbetten (merged with descendant of *gristbittan)
      - English: gristbite
- Old High German: *bizōn, *bizzōn
  - ⇒ Old High German: inbizōn, imbizōn
  - ⇒? Middle High German: durchbitzen
Old Norse: bita
- Icelandic: bita

References

Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bitōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45
Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 198, *bit(t)ōn

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[Orel-1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bitōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

[Kroonen-2] Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 198, *bit(t)ōn