< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *bukkōþi ~ *bugunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰugʰ-nā́-ti ~ *bʰugʰ-un-ánti, iterative to *beuganą (“to bend, bow”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bukkōną[1]

  1. to bend

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *bukk- against *bug-.

Conjugation of *bukkōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bukkō*bukkǭ—*bukkōi ?
2nd singular *bukkōsi*bukkōs*bukkō*bukkōsai*bukkōsau
3rd singular *bukkōþi*bukkō*bukkōþau*bukkōþai*bukkōþau
1st dual *bukkōs*bukkōw———
2nd dual *bukkōþiz*bukkōþiz*bukkōþiz——
1st plural *bukkōmaz*bukkōm—*bukkōnþai*bukkōnþau
2nd plural *bukkōþ*bukkōþ*bukkōþ*bukkōnþai*bukkōnþau
3rd plural *bukkōnþi*bukkōn*bukkōnþau*bukkōnþai*bukkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bukkōdǭ*bukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *bukkōdēz*bukkōdēdīz
3rd singular *bukkōdē*bukkōdēdī
1st dual *bukkōdēdū*bukkōdēdīw
2nd dual *bukkōdēdudiz*bukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *bukkōdēdum*bukkōdēdīm
2nd plural *bukkōdēdud*bukkōdēdīd
3rd plural *bukkōdēdun*bukkōdēdīn
present past
participles *bukkōndz*bukkōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *bukkōn
    • Old Frisian: bukkia
    • Old Saxon: *bukkōn
    • Old Dutch: *bokkon
    • Old High German: *bukkōn
      • Middle High German: bucken, bocken
  • Old Norse: buga, *boga, *bukka

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bukk/gōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
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