< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From two related Proto-Indo-European verbs:
- Present tense from the perfective *dʰéh₁t, although the o-grade form *dʰóh₁t is unexpected.
- Past tense from the past of the reduplicated imperfective *dʰédʰeh₁ti.
Both originate from the root *dʰeh₁-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *dōną (irregular)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *dōmi | *dǭ | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *dōsi | *dōs | *dō | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *dōþi | *dō | *dōþau | — | — |
| 1st dual | *dōs | *dōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *dōþiz | *dōþiz | *dōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *dōmaz | *dōm | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *dōþ | *dōþ | *dōþ | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *dōnþi | *dōn | *dōnþau | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *dedǭ | *dēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *dedēz | *dēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *dedē | *dēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *dēdū | *dēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *dēdudiz | *dēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *dēdum | *dēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *dēdud | *dēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *dēdun | *dēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *dōndz | *dēnaz | |||
In all Germanic languages but the ancient ones, the first person singular form *dōmi is replaced by *dō by analogy with class II weak verbs. Past forms in *-ie- in Anglo-Frisian are unexplained.
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *dōn
- Old English: dōn, doan; doa; doæ, doe
- Old Frisian: dwā, dwān, duān, duā, dūa
- Old Saxon: dōn, doan, dūan, duon
- Old Dutch: duon
- Old High German: tuon, duon, duan
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