< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

According to Kroonen this stative verb is backformed from an original nasal-present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂-néh₂-, which is derived from the root *ǵʰeh₂- and suffix *-néh₂-.[2]

Alternatively it could be derived from the noun *ganaz (“yawn”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈɣɑ.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ganāną[2]

  1. to gape, yawn
  2. to gaze, stare

Inflection
Conjugation of *ganāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *ganō ?— ? ?
2nd singular *ganaisi ?*ganai*ganāsai ?
3rd singular *ganaiþi ?*ganāþau*ganāþai ?
1st dual *ganōs ?———
2nd dual *ganāþiz ?*ganāþiz——
1st plural *ganāmaz ?—*ganānþai ?
2nd plural *ganaiþ ?*ganaiþ*ganānþai ?
3rd plural *ganānþi ?*ganānþau*ganānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *ganadǭ*ganadēdį̄
2nd singular *ganadēz*ganadēdīz
3rd singular *ganadē*ganadēdī
1st dual *ganadēdū*ganadēdīw
2nd dual *ganadēdudiz*ganadēdīdiz
1st plural *ganadēdum*ganadēdīm
2nd plural *ganadēdud*ganadēdīd
3rd plural *ganadēdun*ganadēdīn
present past
participles *ganāndz*ganadaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *ganēn
    • Old Frisian: *jania
      • North Frisian: jåne
      • Saterland Frisian: jaanje, joanje
    • Old Saxon: *ganōn
      • Middle Low German: jānen
        • German Low German: jahnen
  • Old Norse: gana
  • >? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan)

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ᴣanōjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 126
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ganēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166
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