< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/giftijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *giftiz (“gift”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈɣiɸ.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*giftijaną[1]

  1. (transitive, +accusative) to gift, give (something)
  2. (transitive, +dative) to give a gift to

Inflection
Conjugation of *giftijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *giftijō*giftijaų—*giftijai ?
2nd singular *giftīsi*giftijais*giftī*giftijasai*giftijaisau
3rd singular *giftīþi*giftijai*giftijaþau*giftijaþai*giftijaiþau
1st dual *giftijōs*giftijaiw———
2nd dual *giftijaþiz*giftijaiþiz*giftijaþiz——
1st plural *giftijamaz*giftijaim—*giftijanþai*giftijainþau
2nd plural *giftīþ*giftijaiþ*giftīþ*giftijanþai*giftijainþau
3rd plural *giftijanþi*giftijain*giftijanþau*giftijanþai*giftijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *giftidǭ*giftidēdį̄
2nd singular *giftidēz*giftidēdīz
3rd singular *giftidē*giftidēdī
1st dual *giftidēdū*giftidēdīw
2nd dual *giftidēdudiz*giftidēdīdiz
1st plural *giftidēdum*giftidēdīm
2nd plural *giftidēdud*giftidēdīd
3rd plural *giftidēdun*giftidēdīn
present past
participles *giftijandz*giftidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *giftijan
    • Old English: giftan
    • Old Saxon: giftian
    • Old Dutch: *giften
    • Old High German: giften
  • Old Norse: gipta

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒeftijanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 130
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