< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamalōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hamalaz (“mutilated”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑ.mɑ.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hamalōną[1]

  1. to mutilate

Inflection
Conjugation of *hamalōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hamalō*hamalǭ—*hamalōi ?
2nd singular *hamalōsi*hamalōs*hamalō*hamalōsai*hamalōsau
3rd singular *hamalōþi*hamalō*hamalōþau*hamalōþai*hamalōþau
1st dual *hamalōs*hamalōw———
2nd dual *hamalōþiz*hamalōþiz*hamalōþiz——
1st plural *hamalōmaz*hamalōm—*hamalōnþai*hamalōnþau
2nd plural *hamalōþ*hamalōþ*hamalōþ*hamalōnþai*hamalōnþau
3rd plural *hamalōnþi*hamalōn*hamalōnþau*hamalōnþai*hamalōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hamalōdǭ*hamalōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hamalōdēz*hamalōdēdīz
3rd singular *hamalōdē*hamalōdēdī
1st dual *hamalōdēdū*hamalōdēdīw
2nd dual *hamalōdēdudiz*hamalōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hamalōdēdum*hamalōdēdīm
2nd plural *hamalōdēdud*hamalōdēdīd
3rd plural *hamalōdēdun*hamalōdēdīn
present past
participles *hamalōndz*hamalōdaz

Alternative forms
  • *hamlōną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hamalōn
    • Old English: hamelian
    • Old Frisian: homelia
    • Old High German: hamalōn
      • Middle High German: hamelen, hemelen
        • German: hammeln, hämmeln (obsolete)
  • Old Norse: hamla

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hamalōjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
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