< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlimmaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”), Latin clāmō (“to cry, shout”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxlim.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlimmaną[1]

  1. to sound
  2. to growl, roar

Inflection
Conjugation of *hlimmaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlimmō*hlimmaų—*hlimmai ?
2nd singular *hlimmizi*hlimmaiz*hlimm*hlimmazai*hlimmaizau
3rd singular *hlimmidi*hlimmai*hlimmadau*hlimmadai*hlimmaidau
1st dual *hlimmōz*hlimmaiw———
2nd dual *hlimmadiz*hlimmaidiz*hlimmadiz——
1st plural *hlimmamaz*hlimmaim—*hlimmandai*hlimmaindau
2nd plural *hlimmid*hlimmaid*hlimmid*hlimmandai*hlimmaindau
3rd plural *hlimmandi*hlimmain*hlimmandau*hlimmandai*hlimmaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlamm*hlummį̄
2nd singular *hlammt*hlummīz
3rd singular *hlamm*hlummī
1st dual *hlummū*hlummīw
2nd dual *hlummudiz*hlummīdiz
1st plural *hlummum*hlummīm
2nd plural *hlummud*hlummīd
3rd plural *hlummun*hlummīn
present past
participles *hlimmandz*hlummanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlimman
    • Old English: hlimman, hlymman
    • Old Dutch: *hlimman, *hilman
    • Old High German: hlimman
  • Old Norse: *hlimma (only attested in the preterite hlam)

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xlemmanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 175
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